Migration — AS & A Level Geography (9696) questions by topic

Migration questions use data on refugee movements and internal migration by age and area, such as Canada's, to ask candidates to state which countries show a net gain, identify areas with the largest population increase, and describe how obstacles, constraints and barriers to migration differ from one another. Explain, suggest, describe, compare and state are the command words, and compare specifically requires similarities and differences drawn out together, not two separate descriptions.

27 real questions from 2023 to 2025 papers form this page, worth 10 to 30 marks, the widest range in this set. Because reading migration data accurately underpins the longer explanation questions, submitting your data-based answers for instant marking checks whether you have extracted the right figures before building an explanation on them.

May–June 2025, Paper 21

Question 2 · 10 marks

Table 2.1 shows the top ten sources of international migrants into Brazil, an MIC in South America, in 2020. Describe the pattern of international migrants into Brazil shown in…

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Describe the causes of forced (involuntary) international migration.

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May–June 2025, Paper 22

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows the percentage of the population who were born in another country, 2015. Describe the pattern of population who were born in another country shown in Fig. 2.1.

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Describe the causes of urban to urban migration.

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May–June 2024, Paper 21

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows part of a refugee camp in Syria, an LIC in Asia, 2019. Describe the characteristics of the refugee camp shown in Fig. 2.1.

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Question 5 · 30 marks

With the aid of examples, describe the difference between obstacles, constraints and barriers to migration.

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May–June 2024, Paper 22

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows refugee movements for selected countries in 2019. Using Fig. 2.1, state two countries that had a net gain in refugees.

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Question 5 · 30 marks

With the aid of examples, describe the main types of internal (within a country) migration.

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May–June 2024, Paper 23

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows refugee movements for selected countries in 2019. Using Fig. 2.1, state two countries that had a net gain in refugees.

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Question 5 · 30 marks

With the aid of examples, describe the main types of internal (within a country) migration.

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October–November 2024, Paper 21

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows internal migration in Canada, an HIC in North America, 2015-19. Describe the pattern of internal migration shown in Fig. 2.1.

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Define the term economic migrant.

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October–November 2024, Paper 22

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows net internal migration, by age and type of area, in Canada, an HIC in North America, 2015-19. Using Fig. 2.1, identify the type of area with the largest increase in…

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Define the term forced (involuntary) migration.

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October–November 2024, Paper 23

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows natural increase for selected countries from 1980 to 2020. Using Fig. 1.1: state the year when the natural increase for Finland was zero.

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Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows net internal migration in Italy, an HIC in Europe, in 2017. Describe the pattern of net internal migration shown in Fig. 2.1.

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Compare the processes of chain migration and stepped migration.

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May–June 2023, Paper 21

Question 2 · 10 marks

Table 2.1 shows the top 10 sources of migrants into the USA, an HIC in North America, in 1990 and 2013. Using Table 2.1, state the country that has shown the greatest increase as…

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Compare the characteristics of economic migration flows with the characteristics of refugee flows.

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May–June 2023, Paper 22

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows the top seven sources of migrants into the USA, an HIC in North America, by gender, in 2013. Using Fig. 2.1, state two sources of migrants that sent above average…

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Compare the characteristics of chain migration with the characteristics of stepped migration.

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May–June 2023, Paper 23

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows the top seven sources of migrants into the USA, an HIC in North America, by gender, in 2013. Using Fig. 2.1, state two sources of migrants that sent above average…

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Compare the characteristics of chain migration with the characteristics of stepped migration.

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October–November 2023, Paper 21

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2 show the age/sex structure of the total population and the immigrant population for New Zealand, an HIC in Australasia, 2019. Using Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2,…

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October–November 2023, Paper 22

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2 show the age/sex structure of the total population and the immigrant population for Ghana, an MIC in Africa, 2019. Using Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2, compare the…

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October–November 2023, Paper 23

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows the age distribution of the total world population and of international migrants in 2019. Using Fig. 2.1: state the age group with the highest percentage of…

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Define the term voluntary migration.

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