Production, location and change — AS & A Level Geography (9696) questions by topic

Production, location and change essays span describing functional linkages in the UK's car and engine manufacturing industry, comparing taxes and subsidies for agricultural producers across countries, and assessing how far a country has overcome difficulties in managing agricultural or manufacturing change. Assess, explain, how far, describe and compare are the command words, with assess requiring weighed judgement on relative importance, not a simple list of factors.

45 real questions from 2023 to 2025 papers sit on this page, worth 10 to 20 marks. Because these essays reward specific, up-to-date case-study knowledge over generic country names, drafting full responses and submitting them for instant marking reveals whether your examples are developed enough to reach the higher levels.

What examiners look for

May–June 2025, Paper 41

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 is a photograph which shows intensive food production on a farm in Thailand, an MIC in Asia. Using evidence from Fig. 1.1, describe how technology is used to intensify…

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Question 2 · 20 marks

Assess the extent to which demand and distance from markets affect agricultural land use and practices on farms. [20]

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Question 3 · 20 marks

'The advantages of industrial agglomeration are greater than the disadvantages.' How far do you agree with this statement? [20]

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May–June 2025, Paper 42

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows functional linkages in the car and engine manufacturing industry in the UK, an HIC in Europe. Describe the functional linkages shown in Fig. 1.1.

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Question 2 · 20 marks

How far do you agree that extending the area under cultivation has more advantages than disadvantages? [20]

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Question 3 · 20 marks

'The informal sector of manufacturing and services has an important role in the economy and society of some countries.' With reference to examples, how far do you agree with this…

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May–June 2025, Paper 43

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows functional linkages in the car and engine manufacturing industry in the UK, an HIC in Europe. Describe the functional linkages shown in Fig. 1.1.

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Question 2 · 20 marks

How far do you agree that extending the area under cultivation has more advantages than disadvantages? [20]

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Question 3 · 20 marks

'The informal sector of manufacturing and services has an important role in the economy and society of some countries.' With reference to examples, how far do you agree with this…

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May–June 2024, Paper 41

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows the changes in land use and practices on a farm in a tropical environment. Describe the main changes in land use and practices shown in Fig. 1.1.

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Question 2 · 20 marks

With reference to one country, explain why there was a need for agricultural change and assess the extent to which the difficulties have been overcome.

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Question 3 · 20 marks

'Materials are more important as a locational factor in some manufacturing industries than in other manufacturing industries.' With reference to one or more examples, how far do…

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May–June 2024, Paper 42

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows the percentage change in manufacturing jobs, by level of education, in the UK, an HIC in Europe, 2012–17. Describe the main changes shown in Fig. 1.1.

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Question 2 · 20 marks

Assess the extent to which issues in the intensification of agriculture are less important than the increase in agricultural productivity.

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Question 3 · 20 marks

With reference to one country's management of change in manufacturing industry, assess the extent to which the issues faced have been overcome.

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May–June 2024, Paper 43

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows the percentage change in manufacturing jobs, by level of education, in the UK, an HIC in Europe, 2012–17. Describe the main changes shown in Fig. 1.1.

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Question 2 · 20 marks

Assess the extent to which issues in the intensification of agriculture are less important than the increase in agricultural productivity.

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Question 3 · 20 marks

With reference to one country's management of change in manufacturing industry, assess the extent to which the issues faced have been overcome.

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October–November 2024, Paper 41

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows food supply and food demand in Bangladesh, projected for 2030. Compare the projections of food supply and food demand shown in Fig. 1.1.

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Question 2 · 20 marks

For one country, assess the relative importance of the difficulties in the management of agricultural change at the local scale.

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Question 3 · 20 marks

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages to manufacturing and related service industry of locating in industrial estates.

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October–November 2024, Paper 42

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows the percentage potential food loss for five major crops, with and without the use of pesticides and herbicides, at the global scale. Compare the potential food loss…

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Question 2 · 20 marks

For one country, assess the relative importance of the difficulties in the management of agricultural change at the national scale.

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Question 3 · 20 marks

Evaluate the success of attempted solutions to the issues faced by one country's industrial policy.

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October–November 2024, Paper 43

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows food supply and food demand in Bangladesh, projected for 2030. Compare the projections of food supply and food demand shown in Fig. 1.1.

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Question 2 · 20 marks

For one country, assess the relative importance of the difficulties in the management of agricultural change at the local scale.

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Question 3 · 20 marks

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages to manufacturing and related service industry of locating in industrial estates.

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May–June 2023, Paper 41

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 is a photograph which shows an industrial estate in Thailand, an MIC in Asia. Describe the main characteristics of the industrial estate shown in Fig. 1.1.

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Question 2 · 20 marks

With reference to one country, assess the extent to which the management of agricultural change has been successful.

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Question 3 · 20 marks

'Markets are the most important factor influencing the location of manufacturing and related service industry.' With reference to one or more examples, how far do you agree?

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May–June 2023, Paper 42

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows the global distribution of employment in the informal sector of manufacturing and services in 2016. Describe the global distribution of employment for 75% and over…

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Question 2 · 20 marks

'Increasing agricultural productivity is best achieved by using extensive production methods.' With reference to one or more examples, how far do you agree?

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Question 3 · 20 marks

With reference to one or more examples, assess the extent to which transport influences the location of manufacturing and related service industry.

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May–June 2023, Paper 43

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows the global distribution of employment in the informal sector of manufacturing and services in 2016. Describe the global distribution of employment for 75% and over…

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Question 2 · 20 marks

'Increasing agricultural productivity is best achieved by using extensive production methods.' With reference to one or more examples, how far do you agree?

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Question 3 · 20 marks

With reference to one or more examples, assess the extent to which transport influences the location of manufacturing and related service industry.

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October–November 2023, Paper 41

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows taxes and subsidies for agricultural producers and consumers for selected countries and the European Union (EU) in 2019. Compare the taxes and subsidies for…

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Question 2 · 20 marks

Assess the relative importance of the difficulties in the management of agricultural change in one country you have studied.

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Question 3 · 20 marks

Evaluate the extent to which government policies influence the location of manufacturing and related service industry.

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October–November 2023, Paper 42

Question 1 · 10 marks

Table 1.1 shows the share of agricultural land used for organic production and the consumption of organic produce per capita, for world regions, in 2017. Compare the share of…

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Question 2 · 20 marks

'Agricultural productivity in intensive systems is always greater than in extensive systems.' With reference to one or more examples, how far do you agree?

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Question 3 · 20 marks

With reference to one country's management of change in manufacturing industry, assess the relative importance of the issues faced.

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October–November 2023, Paper 43

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows taxes and subsidies for agricultural producers and consumers for selected countries and the European Union (EU) in 2019. Compare the taxes and subsidies for…

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Question 2 · 20 marks

Assess the relative importance of the difficulties in the management of agricultural change in one country you have studied.

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Question 3 · 20 marks

Evaluate the extent to which government policies influence the location of manufacturing and related service industry.

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