Hydrology and fluvial geomorphology — AS & A Level Geography (9696) questions by topic

Fig. 1.1 shows a hydrograph for the River Ray, UK, March 2022. Using Fig. 1.1: state the maximum discharge shown.

Define the fluvial terms 'laminar flow' and 'thalweg'.

Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 show the depth of groundwater in southern India, May 2019 and January 2020. State the depth of groundwater at X in Fig. 1.1.

Define the fluvial terms 'saltation' and 'hydraulic action'.

Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 are two photographs which show a river during and after a flood event near Bristol, UK. Name the landform labelled X in Fig. 1.2.

Describe how the shape of a hydrograph can be affected by rock type.

Fig. 1.1 shows the annual peak discharge recurrence interval for the Dwarkeswar River in India. Using Fig. 1.1, state the annual peak discharge with a recurrence interval of 10…

Define the hydrological terms infiltration and interception.

Fig. 1.1 is a photograph which shows a river in Wales. Name feature A shown in Fig. 1.1.

Define the hydrological terms percolation and baseflow.

Fig. 1.1 is a photograph which shows a river in Wales. Name feature A shown in Fig. 1.1.

Define the hydrological terms percolation and baseflow.

Fig. 1.1 shows the intensity of flooding of parts of the Mississippi River and Ohio River, USA, between 1985 and 2020. Name the type of channel within area A shown in Fig. 1.1.

Describe how throughflow occurs on slopes.

Fig. 1.1 shows mean annual hydrographs of the Niger River, at Niamey, Niger. State the highest discharge shown in Fig. 1.1.

Describe the main features of a braided river channel.

Fig. 1.1 shows a diagram of a delta in a lake under two climatic conditions. Identify feature A shown in Fig. 1.1.

Define the fluvial terms saltation and cavitation.

Fig. 1.1 shows the velocity of flow that erodes, transports and deposits sediment in a river channel. Name the diagram shown in Fig. 1.1.

Briefly explain why precipitation may not always reach a river channel.

Fig. 1.1 shows the Hjulström curve. Name the type of sediment which is eroded at a velocity of 20 cm / s shown in Fig. 1.1.

Describe the main features of a meander.

Fig. 1.1 shows the Hjulstrom curve. Name the type of sediment which is eroded at a velocity of 20 cm/s shown in Fig. 1.1.

Describe the main features of a meander.

Fig. 1.1 shows two storm hydrographs for the same precipitation event. State the storm hydrograph which has the shortest lag time.

Define the fluvial terms 'traction' and 'abrasion'.

Fig. 1.1 is a photograph which shows a river in Alaska, USA. Name the type of river channel labelled A on Fig. 1.1.

Describe the conditions which lead to overland flow on slopes.

Fig. 1.1 is a photograph which shows waterfalls in Iceland. Name the feature labelled A in Fig. 1.1.

Describe the process of base flow in the drainage basin system.