Settlement dynamics — AS & A Level Geography (9696) questions by topic

Settlement dynamics questions use real-city data, describing the pattern of land values across Richmond, Virginia, and suggesting advantages of high-rise living in Vancouver, before extending into rural settlement case studies and defining urbanisation itself. Explain, suggest, describe, evaluate and how far are the command words, with suggest inviting plausible, reasoned advantages rather than a single obvious point.

34 real questions from 2023 to 2025 papers make up this page, worth 10 to 30 marks. Because these questions move from reading urban data to full case-study evaluation within the same set, submitting both short and extended answers for instant marking shows how the mark scheme rewards depth differently depending on the length of response required.

May–June 2025, Paper 21

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 shows the population of three rural settlements in an HIC in 2001, 2011 and 2021. Compare the population changes for the rural settlements shown in Fig. 3.1.

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Question 6 · 30 marks

For your chosen case study of providing power infrastructure or transport infrastructure for a named city: Outline why the power infrastructure or transport infrastructure needed…

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May–June 2025, Paper 22

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 is a photograph which shows a settlement in the Comas district of Lima, Peru, an MIC in South America. Suggest three problems for the people living in the settlement…

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Question 6 · 30 marks

Describe the characteristics of central business districts (CBDs).

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May–June 2025, Paper 23

Question 2 · 10 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows rural population change in Spain, an HIC in Europe, 2007-2021. Using Fig. 2.1: state the year in which population change was the greatest.

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Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 shows major cities in western Africa. Describe the distribution of the major cities shown in Fig. 3.1.

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Describe the causes of intra-urban migration (within the same urban area).

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Question 6 · 30 marks

Compare the process of 'counterurbanisation' with the process of 're-urbanisation'.

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May–June 2024, Paper 21

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 shows population growth for Berlin, Germany, an HIC in Europe, and Mumbai, India, an MIC in Asia, 1960-2020. Compare the population growth for the two cities shown in…

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Question 6 · 30 marks

With the aid of examples, describe the functional zonation that may occur in cities in HICs.

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May–June 2024, Paper 22

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 is a photograph which shows high-rise residences in an inner area of the city of Vancouver, Canada, an HIC in North America. Suggest three advantages of living in…

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Question 6 · 30 marks

For your chosen case study of a shanty town (squatter settlement) in an LIC or MIC: Describe the characteristics of the shanty town (squatter settlement).

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May–June 2024, Paper 23

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 is a photograph which shows high-rise residences in an inner area of the city of Vancouver, Canada, an HIC in North America. Suggest three advantages of living in…

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Question 6 · 30 marks

For your chosen case study of a shanty town (squatter settlement) in an LIC or MIC: Describe the characteristics of the shanty town (squatter settlement).

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October–November 2024, Paper 21

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 is a pair of photographs which show urban renewal in Tbilisi, Georgia, an MIC in Europe/Asia. Using Fig. 3.1, describe the evidence for urban renewal.

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Question 6 · 30 marks

Describe how the concept of bid rent results in the functional zonation of land use in urban areas.

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October–November 2024, Paper 22

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 shows zoning restrictions on building height in the central area of Cape Town, South Africa, an MIC in Africa, 2013. Describe the pattern of zoning restrictions shown in…

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Question 6 · 30 marks

With the aid of examples, describe how the locations of manufacturing areas are changing in urban settlements.

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October–November 2024, Paper 23

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 shows land values in the city of Richmond, Virginia, USA, an HIC in North America, in 2018. Describe the pattern of land values shown in Fig. 3.1.

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Question 6 · 30 marks

Define the term counterurbanisation.

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May–June 2023, Paper 21

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 shows the cities with over 1 million population in Nigeria, an MIC in West Africa, in 2021. Using Fig. 3.1, state the number of cities with populations between 3 and 4…

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Question 6 · 30 marks

Describe how environmental factors affect the location of activities within urban areas.

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May–June 2023, Paper 22

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 shows the cities with over 1 million population in Nigeria, an MIC in West Africa, in 2021. Using Fig. 3.1, describe the pattern of cities with over 1 million population.

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Question 6 · 30 marks

For your chosen case study of a rural settlement or rural area: Describe the characteristics of the rural settlement/rural area.

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May–June 2023, Paper 23

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 shows the cities with over 1 million population in Nigeria, an MIC in West Africa, in 2021. Using Fig. 3.1, describe the pattern of cities with over 1 million population.

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Question 6 · 30 marks

For your chosen case study of a rural settlement or rural area: Describe the characteristics of the rural settlement/rural area.

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October–November 2023, Paper 21

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 is a photograph which shows a suburban development in Soest, Germany, an HIC in Europe. Using Fig. 3.1, identify three features in the photograph which might attract…

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Define the term refugee.

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Question 6 · 30 marks

Describe the problems for rural settlements caused by declining population numbers.

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October–November 2023, Paper 22

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 is a photograph which shows a residential area in Manila, the Philippines, an MIC in Southeast Asia. Using Fig. 3.1, describe two features of the housing shown.

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Question 5 · 30 marks

Define the term migration.

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Question 6 · 30 marks

Define the term urbanisation.

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October–November 2023, Paper 23

Question 3 · 10 marks

Fig. 3.1 is a photograph which shows the Metro de Lima, a railway in Lima, Peru, an MIC in South America. Using Fig. 3.1, suggest three advantages of the railway shown for the…

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Question 6 · 30 marks

Outline the main recent urban trends in HICs.

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