Cognitive approach — AS & A Level Psychology (9990) questions by topic
Cognitive approach questions ask candidates to describe the sample in Andrade's doodling study beyond its size, evaluate Baron-Cohen et al.'s eyes test with quantitative evidence, interpret a correlation involving the Autism Spectrum Quotient, and describe a result from Laney et al.'s false memory questionnaires.
Outline, describe, explain, identify and evaluate lead 37 real questions worth 3 to 12 marks from 2023 to 2025 papers. Because sample and result detail is often confused between similar named studies, drafting an answer and checking it against instant marking shows fast whether a feature genuinely belongs to the study asked about.
What examiners look for
- A recurring criticism is confusing the Pozzulo et al. sample with Bandura et al.'s aggression study, flagged by examiners as the most common cross-contamination error.
- Examiners repeatedly note candidates naming cartoon characters not actually in the Pozzulo et al. study, such as SpongeBob SquarePants or Batman, instead of Dora the Explorer or Diego.
- Reports flag 'Canadian' given as a sample feature, which the mark scheme does not credit because nationality was never stated by the study's authors.
- A common error is describing what a questionnaire measured rather than presenting an actual result from it, or giving results that were never actually collected.
- Strong answers selected demographically distinct features such as sample size alongside age range, and captured both the behaviour and its explanatory mechanism, for example linking children's false-positive line-up errors to social demand characteristics rather than cognitive deficits.
May–June 2025, Paper 11
Describe the psychology being investigated in the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups).
Answer this question and get it marked →In the study by Andrade (doodling), the sample size was 40 participants. Describe the sample of participants used in this study, other than the sample size of 40.
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2025, Paper 12
From the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups): Identify two features of the female used as a 'human face target'.
Answer this question and get it marked →Evaluate the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test) in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points must be about quantitative data.
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2025, Paper 13
Your friend, Alfonso, is finding it difficult to concentrate at school. He tells you that his concentration is worse when he is bored. He has come to you for advice about ways to…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2024, Paper 11
In the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups), cartoon character targets were used. Identify one of the cartoon characters used.
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2024, Paper 12
From the study by Andrade (doodling): Outline the experimental design used in this study.
Answer this question and get it marked →From the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups): Describe the 'line-up presentation' for the target–absent condition.
Answer this question and get it marked →Evaluate the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test) in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points must be about ethics.
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2024, Paper 13
From the study by Andrade (doodling): Describe what is meant by the term 'attention'.
Answer this question and get it marked →From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): Describe the sample used in either Group 1 or Group 2.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2024, Paper 11
From the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups): Outline one aim of the study.
Answer this question and get it marked →Gabriela has a job where she needs to listen to recorded telephone conversations to check the quality of customer service. However, she finds it difficult to pay attention to the…
Answer this question and get it marked →Adamu is talking about the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test). He says that the findings are not generalisable. Explain why Adamu is correct that the findings are not…
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2024, Paper 12
From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): Outline one result in relation to sex of participant and scores on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test.
Answer this question and get it marked →Children can be eyewitnesses to a crime. However, children’s identification of the criminal can be inaccurate. Suggest how child eyewitnesses can be helped to accurately identify…
Answer this question and get it marked →Evaluate the study by Andrade (doodling) in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points must be about the sampling technique used.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2024, Paper 13
From the study by Pozzulo et al. (line-ups): Describe the 'line-up presentation' for the target–present condition.
Answer this question and get it marked →From the study by Andrade (doodling): Describe the psychology being investigated in this study.
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2023, Paper 11
From the study by Andrade (doodling): Identify two features of the sample used in this study.
Answer this question and get it marked →In Experiment 1 of the study by Laney et al. (false memory), participants completed both the Food History Inventory and the Restaurant Questionnaire. Describe one result from the…
Answer this question and get it marked →Outline two assumptions of the cognitive approach. You must use an example from a core study for each assumption.
Answer this question and get it marked →Two friends, Danilo and Noah, are discussing the validity of the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test). Danilo thinks the study has validity but Noah thinks the study does not…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2023, Paper 12
From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test). Name the two tests used in this study, other than the eyes test.
Answer this question and get it marked →In Experiment 2 of the study by Laney et al. (false memory), participants completed both the 'Memory or Belief?' questionnaire and the Food Preferences Questionnaire. Describe one…
Answer this question and get it marked →Evaluate the study by Andrade (doodling) in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points must be about the use of an independent measures…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2023, Paper 13
In Experiment 2 of the study by Laney et al. (false memory), participants completed both the Food History Inventory and photograph ratings of food items. Describe one result from…
Answer this question and get it marked →Suggest two real-world applications based on the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test). Your suggestions must be ethical.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2023, Paper 11
In the study by Andrade (doodling), the participants were given a surprise recall test for two categories of information that was presented in the telephone message. One of these…
Answer this question and get it marked →Explain one problem that could arise if children were used as participants in the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test).
Answer this question and get it marked →Evaluate the study by Laney et al. (false memory) in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses. At least one of your evaluation points must be about ethics.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2023, Paper 12
The study by Baron-Cohen et al. used the eyes test as a measure of theory of mind. The eyes test results were negatively (inversely) correlated with the results of another…
Answer this question and get it marked →From the study by Andrade (doodling): Describe the background to this study.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2023, Paper 13
From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning): Describe the procedure of the 'Transfer Tests with Novel Objects'.
Answer this question and get it marked →Explain one problem that could arise if children were used as participants in the study by Laney et al. (false memory).
Answer this question and get it marked →From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. (eyes test): One aim was to investigate whether there would be a correlation between scores on the revised 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' test…
Answer this question and get it marked →Two friends, Xander and Silvia, are discussing the individual and situational explanations for behaviour in relation to the study by Andrade (doodling). Xander thinks the study…
Answer this question and get it marked →Other AS & A Level Psychology topics
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