Motion, forces and energy — IGCSE Physics (0972) questions by topic

Which statement about the speed and velocity of an object is correct? A The speed and velocity of an object are always greater than zero. B The speed of an object is always…

The table shows a student's times in three races. race distance/m time/s ------ ----------- -------- 1 100 12 2 150 17 3 200 25 What is the order of the student's average speeds…

Which row gives the correct weight for the mass shown when it is at the Earth's surface? (Take g = 9.8 N/kg.) mass/kg weight/N --- --------- ---------- A 2.00 19.6 B 10.0 1.02 C…

The masses and volumes of four objects are shown. Which object floats in a liquid of density 1.4 g/cm^3? mass of object/g volume of object/cm^3 --- -----------------…

A car is driven from rest on a long straight road. The car engine exerts a constant driving force. The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on the car. The resistive forces…

A mattress placed on a bed contains many compression springs. (The diagram shows a bed with a mattress containing coiled compression springs.) Which energy store of the mattress…

Which energy resource does not contain a store of chemical energy? A biofuel B coal C nuclear fuel D oil

A person carries 20 tiles from the ground to the roof of a house. Each tile has a mass of 1.2 kg. The roof of the house is 15 m above the ground. (Take g = 9.8 N/kg.) How much…

Which pair of changes, applied at the same time, always increases the pressure that a brick exerts on the ground? weight of brick area of brick in contact with ground ---…

A teacher has a gas in a sealed syringe with a movable plunger. (The diagram shows a horizontal syringe containing gas, with the plunger being pulled outwards.) The teacher slowly…

A speed-time graph is plotted for the motion of a car. Which quantity does the area under the speed-time graph represent? A acceleration of the car B average speed of the car C…

Which quantity is an example of a force? A density B mass C volume D weight

Four hollow glass balls, P, Q, R and S, each have a volume of 30 cm^3. The mass of each ball is shown. ball mass / g --- --- P 15 Q 25 R 35 S 45 Which balls will float in a liquid…

A car travels at constant speed along a straight road that has a slight downwards slope. Which statement is correct? A There is a resultant force on the car down the slope. B…

A torque wrench is a tool that ensures nuts or bolts are tightened to the required amount. A mechanic sets the torque wrench to produce a moment of 50 N m. The torque wrench has a…

The work done W by a force is related to the magnitude F of the force and the distance d moved in the direction of the force. Which equation for W is correct? A W = d / F B W = d…

Which energy resource requires a power station with a boiler to produce steam when generating electricity? A coal B tides C water behind a dam D wind

The speed-time graph for a racing car is divided into four sections, P, Q, R and S. The car starts the race but soon crashes into a wall of tyres. (The graph shows speed on the…

The diagram shows the four forces acting on an aircraft in flight: an upward force of 120 kN, a downward force of 60 kN, a backward (leftward) force of 40 kN and a forward…

The diagrams show two metal blocks, X and Y, suspended from identical force meters (newtonmeters reading 0-6 N). X and Y have identical dimensions. The force meter holding X reads…

A spring has a length of 25 cm when a load of 2.0 N is suspended from it. The spring has a length of 35 cm when a 7.0 N load is used. What is the spring constant of the spring? A…

The diagrams E-H show a block of wood on a frictionless surface. In each diagram, the block has two forces acting on its sides. E: a 2 N force acting to the right on the top of…

Which statement is not correct? A the momentum of a system is conserved in all interactions B impulse = change of momentum C force acting = change of momentum x time D momentum =…

A force acting on a moving ball causes its motion to change. This force stays constant. What makes the force produce a greater change in the motion of the ball? A decreasing the…

A farmer has two carts. The carts have the same weight, but one has four narrow wheels and the other has four wide wheels. Which cart wheels sink less into soft ground and what is…

A steel ball is dropped from the top floor of a building. Air resistance can be ignored. Which statement describes the motion of the ball? A The ball falls with constant…

The diagram shows a velocity-time graph for an object which is accelerating. The graph is a straight line starting at velocity 20 m/s when time = 0 s and rising to 120 m/s at time…

Diagram 1 shows a piece of flexible material that contains many pockets of air. Diagram 2 shows the same piece of flexible material after it has been compressed so that its volume…

A student determines the density of copper. She has a rectangular block of copper. Which other apparatus does she need? (key: tick = needed, cross = not needed) balance ruler…

A 0.15 kg mass is suspended from a vertical spring. The mass is pulled downwards until the spring has extended by 12 cm from its unstretched length. The spring constant of the…

A cricket ball of mass 0.15 kg is moving at a speed of 30 m/s. The diagram shows a batsman holding a bat stationary as the ball hits the bat and bounces back at the same speed in…

A stone is thrown vertically upwards at a speed of 5.0 m/s. All of the energy initially in the kinetic store of the stone is transferred to its gravitational potential store when…

Three energy resources are listed. 1 geothermal 2 wind 3 nuclear fuel Which resources get their energy from the Sun? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 only

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a car travelling along a flat, straight road. The graph has four sections, labelled JK, KL, LM and MN. Complete the following sentence. The…

A wooden beam is used in a see-saw. The mass of the wooden beam is 40 kg. Calculate the weight of the wooden beam. weight of beam = .................. N

An electric motor lifts a load. Fig. 4.1 shows the arrangement: a power supply connected by wires to an electric motor mounted on a base, with a load hanging from the motor's…

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graphs for two racing cars, X and Y, at the beginning of a race. The graph has speed/(m/s) on the vertical axis (0 to 25) and time/s on the…

Some buildings are built on large, strong metal rods that are pushed deep into the ground. A machine drops a heavy hammer onto each metal rod to push it into the ground, as shown…

A student determines the weight W of a metal block by using a 1.5 N load and a uniform metre ruler. She places the centre of the uniform metre ruler on a pivot. Fig. 3.1 (not to…

Circle the vector quantities in the list. acceleration mass speed time velocity

A resultant force is applied to an object moving with a velocity v in a straight line. State two different changes to the motion that the resultant force may cause.

Fig. 3.1 shows a side view of part of a concrete track at a skateboard park. A skateboarder is initially at rest at point A. The skateboarder then travels through point B and…

Fig. 1.1 is a speed-time graph for an ice skater. Describe the motion of the skater between t = 0 and t = 3.0 s.

Fig. 2.1 shows a balanced, uniform metre ruler made of wood. The width of the metre ruler is 2.6 × 10^-2 m and the thickness of the ruler is 6.0 × 10^-3 m. Define the 'moment' of…

Define momentum.

The diagram shows two objects, X and Y, suspended from identical springs. The extension of each spring is different (Y stretches more). Which row compares the mass and the weight…

A plastic bottle contains 750 cm³ of oil. The diagram shows the mass of the bottle measured when full (650 g) and when empty (50 g). What is the density of the oil? A 0.80 g/cm³ B…

The extension–load graph for a spring is shown (extension/cm vs load/N, a straight line through the origin). The unstretched length of the spring is 15.0 cm. When an object of…

A student determines the position of the centre of gravity of a piece of card. The available equipment is: clamp and stand, pin, weight on a thin string, pencil, stop-watch and…

A cyclist stops his bicycle using the brakes. Which row about energy stores is correct? A decreases: kinetic energy store of bicycle; increases: chemical energy store of brakes B…

A man applies a force of 40 N to push a box along the floor. How much power is required to push the box 4.0 m in 3.0 seconds? A 3.3 W B 30 W C 53 W D 480 W

Four identical submarines, P, Q, R and S, are lowered from one depth to another in water of constant density. The initial and final depths of each submarine are shown (P: 10→30 m;…

Four athletes run twice around a track. The table shows their times at the end of each lap. time at end of first lap / s time at end of second lap / s --- --- --- A 22.99 47.04 B…

A racing car is fitted with an on-board computer. Every time the car passes the starting line, the computer records the distance travelled in the following two seconds. Which set…

Which row shows the gravitational field strength on the Earth and the definition of velocity? A gravitational field strength: 9.8 kg/N; velocity: the change in the speed B…

Which statement about the weight of an object is correct? A The weight of an object is the gravitational force per unit mass. B The weight of an object is the gravitational force…

The diagram shows a load–extension graph for a steel spring (load/N vs extension/cm). The length of the spring with no load attached is 2.0 cm. Which load increases the length of…

Which force between two solid surfaces opposes motion? A friction B gravity C kinetic D weight

A box of mass 2.0 kg and weight 20 N is carried to the top of some stairs (vertical height 1.2 m, horizontal distance 1.8 m). How is the work done against gravity on the box…

Four submarines are submerged. The density of fresh water is 1000 kg/m³ and the density of sea water is 1020 kg/m³. Which submarine experiences the greatest pressure due to the…

Which name is given to the quantity of matter in an object? A density B mass C volume D weight

A body is moved from place X to place Y where the gravitational field strength is different. What happens to its mass and to its weight due to the move? A mass: changes; weight:…

The mass of an object is 2.5 kg. The volume of the object is 480 cm³. What is the density of the object? A 5.2 × 10⁻³ g/cm³ B 5.2 g/cm³ C 190 g/cm³ D 1.2 × 10³ g/cm³

Four objects each have two forces acting on them. Which object is in equilibrium? (Two equal and opposite forces acting along the same line.) A, B, C, D show objects with two 1.0…

A ball of mass m falls vertically and hits a hard surface. Its speed on hitting the surface is v1. It rebounds vertically upwards with speed v2. What is the change in momentum of…

A stone is dropped from a tall tower and falls a distance of 50 m to the ground. The stone has a mass of 3.0 kg. At which speed does the stone hit the ground? A 17 m/s B 31 m/s C…

A coal-fired power station generates electricity. Coal is burned and the energy released is used to boil water. The steam from the water makes the generator move and this produces…

The motion of an object is represented by the speed–time graph shown, with the area under the graph indicated. Which quantity is equal to the area under the graph? A acceleration…

An astronaut of mass 80 kg is standing on a planet with gravitational field strength g = 3.8 N/kg. What is the weight of the astronaut on this planet? A 780 N B 300 N C 210 N D 21…

A sealed container of volume 2000 cm³ contains air at high pressure. The container is placed on a top-pan balance and reads 200.00 g. All the air is removed by a vacuum pump and…

Each diagram shows three forces on a beam. In which situation is it possible for the three forces shown to be in equilibrium? A, B, C, D show three force arrows on a beam in…

A gymnast jumps down from a high piece of apparatus. She gradually bends her knees as she lands. Which effect does this have? A She will have a smaller change of momentum as she…

The table gives four energy resources and states whether the main source of energy for the resource is the Sun. Which row is correct? A geothermal — main source is the Sun: yes B…

The equation p = ρgh can be used for a liquid. What is the meaning of the term ρ? A pressure due to the liquid B density of the liquid C total pressure due to the liquid and the…

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for a car, with points R, S and T marked. R is on the rising part (accelerating), S is on the horizontal part (constant speed) and T is on the…

Fig. 3.1 shows the horizontal forces acting on a boat: 80 N backwards and 200 N forwards. Calculate the resultant horizontal force on the boat (size and direction).

The government of a country decides to reduce the amount of fossil fuel burned for generating electrical power. State two reasons, apart from cost, for reducing the amount of…

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for a car travelling along a flat straight road. The speed rises from 0 between time 0 and 2.0 s, is constant between 4.0 s and 8.0 s, then…

Fig. 3.1 shows two solid shapes, a cylinder and a cone, made from the same material. State and explain which shape is the more stable.

Fig. 4.1 shows a flow diagram for the energy transferred in a television: energy input = 100 J, useful energy output = 30 J, plus wasted energy output. State two ways in which…

A long tube contains oil. A small ball is held at rest at the surface of the oil. At time t = 0, the ball is released and begins to fall vertically through the oil (Fig. 1.1). As…

Fig. 2.1 shows two identical trolleys, P and Q, held at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. A 1.5 kg load is fixed to trolley P. There is a compressed spring between the…

A load is suspended from a thread. The vertical force on the thread due to the load is 0.75 N. Calculate the mass of the load.

Define acceleration.

A student drops a heavy ball from a vertical height of 1.8 m above the ground. The ball then falls to the ground. It does not bounce after hitting the ground. Describe the…

In this experiment, you will investigate the stretching of a spring. The metre ruler is clamped in position near to the spring. Do not change the position of the metre ruler.…

A student investigates the bending of composite strips of wood when they are loaded at one end. The composite strips are made from identical layers of wood stuck together. Fig.…

A student investigates the stretching of a spring. Fig. 1.1 shows the set-up: a spring suspended vertically from a clamp stand, with a metre ruler clamped alongside. The student…

A student investigates the bending of composite strips of wood when they are loaded at one end. The composite strips are made from identical layers of wood stuck together. Fig.…

A student investigates the spring constant of a spring using two methods. Method 1: oscillations The student suspends a mass of 50 g from the spring and sets it oscillating. She…

A student sets up a flexible track at the edge of a bench. The student investigates a metal ball as it rolls from rest down the track and travels through the air. The metal ball…

The diagram shows the speed–time graph of an object with sections labelled A, B, C and D. Section A is a gentle positive slope, B is a steeper positive slope, C is a less steep…

An object begins to fall close to the Earth's surface. Air resistance can be ignored. Which statement about the object's acceleration is correct? A The acceleration is constant. B…

Which quantity is equal to gravitational force? A gravitational field strength × mass B gravitational field strength × weight C mass per unit weight D weight per unit mass

A concrete building block has the dimensions 29 cm × 18 cm × 12 cm. The mass of the block is 15 000 g. What is the density of the block? A 43 g/cm³ B 2.4 g/cm³ C 0.42 g/cm³ D…

What is measured by the moment of a force? A the acceleration produced by the force B the turning effect of the force C the time for which the force acts D the increase in energy…

Two identical containers, P and Q, are partly filled with different quantities of sand. The position of the centre of gravity for each container is labelled X. P has a higher…

The diagram shows a steel sphere falling through a cylinder of oil. Which row indicates what happens to the steel sphere and what happens to the oil as the steel sphere falls? the…

A moving object is brought to rest by a frictional force of 30 N over a distance of 5.0 m. Energy is transferred from a store of kinetic energy to a store of internal energy. How…

A motor transfers 24 J of energy in 60 seconds. What is the power output of the motor? A 0.40 W B 2.5 W C 24 W D 1400 W

An artist makes four sculptures with circular bases and places them on sand. All the sculptures are of equal weight and volume. A is a tall triangle, B is an oval, C is a tall…

A rocket travels with an average speed of 6 km/s for 2 minutes. What is the distance travelled by the rocket? A 12 km B 50 km C 720 km D 12 000 km

The diagram shows the vertical forces acting on a ball as it falls vertically through the air. Air resistance acts upward and weight acts downward. The ball does not reach…

A coconut falls from a palm tree. At X, it has just started falling. Y is the point just before it hits the ground. Air resistance can be ignored. What is the acceleration of the…

A car is driven round a bend in the road at a constant speed. The diagram shows the car and the direction of motion. What is the direction of the resultant force on the car when…

The diagram shows a drawbridge attached to a wall by a hinge at one end and a cable at the other. The weight and tension are labelled. There is a third force at the hinge (not…

Which equation gives the momentum change of an object? A momentum change = force / area B momentum change = force × distance C momentum change = force × distance / time D momentum…

Which statement about the use of nuclear fuel as an energy resource is correct? A It obtains its energy from the Sun. B It has no environmental impact. C Nuclear power stations do…

The diagram shows an object of mass m being projected with speed v from a point P to a point Q on top of a cliff height h. The object does work W against air resistance as it…

The diagram shows a Sankey diagram for an electric drill. Scale: distance between two lines = 40 J. Sound and thermal energy are the wasted outputs. What is the total wasted…

An elephant of weight 45 000 N stands with all four feet on the floor. The average pressure on the floor due to the elephant foot in contact with it is 34 000 Pa. What is the area…

A cyclist travels along a straight road. Fig. 1.1 shows how the speed of the cyclist varies with time. [Fig. 1.1: Speed-time graph. Speed on y-axis (0 to 12 m/s), time on x-axis…

A parent pushes a pushchair (baby carriage) along a straight horizontal path. There is a force of 30 N in the direction of motion and a resistive force of 10 N opposing the…

A lamp is connected to a power supply. The useful energy output from the lamp in one second is 3 J. The total energy input to the lamp in one second is 15 J. Calculate the wasted…

A spring is suspended from a clamp. A pointer is attached to the lower end of the spring. A student suspends loads of different weights from the spring and records the readings on…

A drag car is a racing car powered by a rocket engine. This drag car has a mass of 1400 kg. It accelerates uniformly from rest until it reaches the finishing line, then the engine…

Define the moment of a force and describe the effect that it measures.

A student investigates the period of a pendulum. The student adjusts the length of the pendulum until the distance d measured from the bottom of the support to the centre of the…

The graph represents the motion of a vehicle. The speed (in m/s, y-axis) increases linearly from 0 at time 0 to 20 m/s at time 400 s (x-axis, time/s). What is the distance…

The diagram shows a distance–time graph for an object moving in a straight line. The curve rises steeply from the origin and then more gradually. Point X is at (10 s, 6 m) and…

A space rocket travels to the Moon. The acceleration of free fall is greater on the Earth than it is on the Moon. How do the mass and weight of the space rocket on the Moon…

A shopkeeper pours rice into a dish that hangs from a spring balance. He records the reading. A customer buys some pasta. The shopkeeper notices that the reading on the spring…

A student determines the density of an irregularly shaped stone. The stone is slowly lowered into a measuring cylinder partly filled with water. Which other apparatus does the…

Four objects are moving. Which object has a zero resultant force acting on it? A the object moving at a decreasing speed B the object moving at an increasing speed C the object…

The diagram shows a uniform metre rule. The rule is pivoted at its mid-point (50 cm mark). A weight of 4.0 N is suspended from the rule at the 5 cm mark. The rule is held by a…

An irregularly shaped metal plate is freely suspended from a point P and is in equilibrium, as shown. Point Q is vertically below P. Which statement about the position of the…

Which row about the change of energy in the energy store must be correct? A process: water pumped up to a high-altitude dam; energy store: gravitational potential energy of water;…

A rock of weight 50 N falls a vertical distance of 7.0 m from rest. What is the change in the gravitational potential energy store of the rock? A decrease of 7.1 J B decrease of…

A child runs up a set of stairs four times. The time taken for each run is recorded. Which time is measured when the child's useful power is greatest? A 10 s B 20 s C 30 s D 40 s

A woman has a weight of 600 N. She stands on a horizontal floor. The area of her feet in contact with the floor is 0.050 m². What is the pressure she exerts on the floor? A 1.2 ×…

The speed–time graph represents a short journey: speed increases from zero, then stays constant (a line that rises and then becomes horizontal). Which distance–time graph…

The graph represents the motion of a car. Speed (m/s, y-axis from 0 to 10) is constant at 10 m/s over time 0 to 5 s (x-axis, time/s). How far has the car moved between 0 and 5 s?…

Which statement about mass or weight is not correct? A Masses can be compared using a balance. B Mass is a force. C Weights can be compared using a balance. D Weight is a force.

Which two quantities must be known to determine the density of a material? A mass and area B mass and volume C weight and area D weight and volume

Two boys are sitting on a see-saw. The see-saw is in equilibrium and remains horizontal. What affects the moment of each boy about the pivot? A his distance from the pivot only B…

A uniform metre rule is pivoted in equilibrium at the 50 cm mark. A mass of 25 g is placed at the 30 cm mark on the rule. What is the smallest mass that can be placed on the rule…

A uniform beam XY is 100 cm long and weighs 4.0 N. The beam rests on a pivot 60 cm from end X. A load of 8.0 N hangs from the beam 10 cm from end X. The beam is kept balanced by a…

Three children's toys, X, Y and Z, are the same size and shape. They have weights at different positions inside so that the position of the centre of gravity of each toy is…

The diagram shows the energy stores for a mobile (cell) phone and how the energy is transferred between stores: from chemical energy via an unknown process (?) to internal energy…

A moving object is brought to rest by a resistive force of 50 N over a distance of 5.0 m. What is the work done by the force? A 0.10 J B 10 J C 55 J D 250 J

Which two physical quantities must be used to calculate the power developed by a student running up a flight of steps? A force exerted and the vertical height of the steps only B…

A rectangular marble block has dimensions 1 m by 1 m by 5 m and weighs 125 000 N. The marble block is stored with the long side resting on the ground, as in diagram 1 (lying flat,…

Which vector diagram correctly shows the force Z as the resultant of forces X and Y? (Z is the resultant of vectors X and Y added head-to-tail.) A, B, C, D show different vector…

An object falls towards the surface of the Earth. The object is falling at its terminal velocity. Which statement is correct? A There is air resistance and the acceleration of the…

The graph represents the motion of a vehicle. Speed (m/s, y-axis) rises linearly from 0 at time 0 to 20 m/s at time 400 s (x-axis, time/s). What is the distance travelled by the…

On the Earth, a spring stretches by 5.0 cm when a mass of 3.0 kg is suspended from one end. The gravitational field strength on the Moon is 1/6 of that on the Earth. Which mass,…

A shopkeeper pours rice into a dish that hangs from a spring balance. He records the reading. A customer buys some pasta. The shopkeeper notices that the reading on the spring…

A student determines the density of an irregularly shaped stone. The stone is slowly lowered into a measuring cylinder partly filled with water. Which other apparatus does the…

A train is travelling horizontally in a straight line. A book is on a table in the train. The diagram shows all the forces acting on the book: a contact force (up), weight (down),…

The diagrams show four beams, each of negligible weight and freely pivoted, with loads at marked distances from the pivot. Which beam is not in equilibrium? A 3.0 N at 2.0 m left,…

An object of mass 1.2 kg is moving with a velocity of 2.0 m/s when it is acted on by a force of 4.0 N. The velocity of the object increases to 5.0 m/s in the same direction. For…

Which row about the change of energy in the energy store must be correct? A process: water pumped up to a high-altitude dam; store: gravitational potential energy of water;…

A woman of mass 50 kg has 81 J of kinetic energy. What is her speed? A 1.3 m/s B 1.6 m/s C 1.8 m/s D 3.2 m/s

A child runs up a set of stairs four times. The time taken for each run is recorded. Which time is measured when the child's useful power is greatest? A 10 s B 20 s C 30 s D 40 s

A dam holds water in a reservoir. The height of the water in the reservoir is 15 m. The density of water is 1000 kg/m³. What is the pressure due to the water at the bottom of the…

Forces of 3 N and 4 N act at right angles, as shown, at point O. The 3 N force acts upward (towards X) and the 4 N force acts horizontally (towards Z). What is the resultant…

A light ball is held at rest at the top of a tall cliff. It is released and falls through the air, eventually reaching its terminal velocity. Which row describes the behaviour of…

The graph represents the motion of a car. Speed is constant at 10 m/s from time 0 to 5 s. How far has the car moved between 0 and 5 s? A 2 m B 10 m C 25 m D 50 m

Which statement about mass or weight is not correct? A Masses can be compared using a balance. B Mass is a force. C Weights can be compared using a balance. D Weight is a force.

A sphere P, made of steel, has a weight of 10 N on Earth. Another sphere Q, also made of steel, has a weight of 10 N on Mars. The gravitational field strength on Earth is greater…

Which two quantities must be known to determine the density of a material? A mass and area B mass and volume C weight and area D weight and volume

A truck is towing a car along a straight horizontal road at a constant speed (truck on the right, car on the left, joined by a rope). The rope breaks. Which row gives the…

A uniform beam is pivoted at the centre and two identical masses, X and Y, are placed so that the beam balances. A smaller mass is then added at the position shown (between X and…

A resultant force of 2.0 N acts on an object of mass 3.0 kg for 6.0 s. What is the change in velocity of the object? A 0.25 m/s B 1.0 m/s C 4.0 m/s D 36 m/s

The diagram shows the energy stores for a mobile (cell) phone and how the energy is transferred between stores: from chemical energy via an unknown process (?) to internal energy…

A wind turbine is 30% efficient and has an output of 2.5 MW of electrical power. What is the power input to the turbine? A 0.75 MW B 8.3 MW C 75 MW D 83 MW

Which two physical quantities must be used to calculate the power developed by a student running up a flight of steps? A force exerted and the vertical height of the steps only B…

The density of sea water is 1030 kg/m³. The gravitational field strength on the Earth is 9.8 N/kg. Atmospheric pressure is 101 000 Pa. At which depth in sea water is the total…

A cyclist is travelling along a straight road. Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for the cyclist. The graph is divided into four sections labelled P, Q, R and S. In section P (0…

Fig. 2.1 shows a concrete beam resting on the ground. The beam is 160 cm long and 12 cm wide where it contacts the ground. The weight of the concrete beam is 1540 N. Calculate the…

Electricity is distributed from wind turbines to homes and industry. Statements A–F describe the main stages in the transfer of energy from the Sun to electrical energy in a wind…

A student uses an electric motor to lift a load. The motor exerts a force of 25 N on the load. It lifts the load a vertical distance of 2.0 m. Calculate the work done by the motor…

Fig. 2.1 shows the speed–time graph for a cyclist. The sections ST, TW, WX, XY and YZ indicate stages of the cyclist's journey. (ST: constant speed at 8 m/s; TW: rising to 12–14;…

A student has a battery-powered torch. Fig. 3.2 shows the energy transfers when the torch is switched on; the diagram is incomplete. An input store of 100 J transfers by…

Fig. 1.1 shows a straight section of a river where the water is flowing from right to left at a speed of 0.54 m/s. A swimmer starts at point P and swims at a constant speed of…

Fig. 2.1 shows a motorcyclist accelerating along a straight horizontal section of track. The motorcyclist and motorcycle have a combined mass of 240 kg. On the straight horizontal…

Fig. 1.1 shows a helicopter which is stationary at a height of 1500 m above the ground. State the two conditions necessary for the helicopter to remain in equilibrium.

A student catches a cricket ball. The speed of the ball immediately before it is caught is 18 m/s. The mass of the cricket ball is 160 g. Calculate the kinetic energy stored in…

Fig. 3.1 shows a person moving across an ice-covered pond to reach a ball on the ice, by lying flat and spreading their body over the ice. Explain why this way of moving across…

A student investigates the stretching of a spring. Fig. 1.1 shows the set-up: a spring suspended from a clamp stand alongside a metre ruler on a bench. The value l₀ is the length…

The graph shows the speed of a car travelling through a town, with sections A, B, C and D. Section A rises, B is constant, C rises further, D falls. Which section of the graph…

An object weighs 19 N on a planet where the acceleration of free fall is 3.8 m/s². What is the mass of the object? A 0.20 kg B 1.9 kg C 5.0 kg D 72 kg

An object is suspended from a spring balance on the Earth. The same object is suspended from the same spring balance on another planet. The reading on the other planet is larger.…

A student has a bottle of cooking oil. She determines the density of the cooking oil. Which apparatus does she need? (Density requires mass and volume — a balance and a measuring…

Forces are applied to four identical objects. The length of each arrow indicates the magnitude of the force. Which object is in equilibrium? (The one with balanced opposing…

The diagram shows a wooden beam PQ attached to a wall by a pivot at P and kept horizontal by a vertical rope attached at Q. A box has been placed on the beam. Which changes must…

A cyclist travels down a hill from rest at point X without pedalling. The cyclist applies his brakes and the cycle stops at point Y (lower than X). Which energy transfers have…

Which energy resource is non-renewable? A geothermal B natural gas C solar D wind

A pump does 460 000 J of work to raise water to fill a tank. It takes 7 minutes to fill the tank. What is the power of the pump? A 1.1 kW B 66 kW C 3200 kW D 190 000 kW

When a diver swims down from the surface of the water to a depth of 10 m, the pressure experienced increases from 100 000 N/m² to 200 000 N/m². Which statement explains this…

The graph shows the speed of a car travelling through a town, with sections A, B, C and D. Section A rises, B is constant, C rises further, D falls. Which section of the graph…

An object reaches terminal velocity after being dropped and falling through air. Which graph shows how its speed varies with time? (Speed rises with decreasing gradient to a…

The table shows the mass and volume of three different liquids, X, Y and Z. liquid mass / g volume / cm³ --- --- --- X 120 200 Y 80 67 Z 100 120 The liquids are placed in the same…

Which moving object has a resultant force acting on it? A a diver rising vertically through water at constant speed B an aircraft circling an airport at constant speed C a train…

Forces are applied to four identical objects. The length of each arrow indicates the magnitude of the force. Which object is in equilibrium? A, B, C, D show different arrangements…

A sphere X collides head on with a second identical sphere Y which is stationary. The mass of each sphere is 0.15 kg. Sphere X is travelling at a velocity of 2.0 m/s before the…

A cyclist travels down a hill from rest at point X without pedalling. The cyclist applies his brakes and the cycle stops at point Y (lower than X). Which energy transfers have…

An object of mass m falls from a higher shelf (height h1) to a lower shelf (height h2). How much gravitational potential energy does the object lose? A mgh2 B (m/g)h2 C (m/g)(h1 −…

A pump does 460 000 J of work to raise water to fill a tank. It takes 7 minutes to fill the tank. What is the power of the pump? A 1.1 kW B 66 kW C 3200 kW D 190 000 kW

The water in a swimming pool exerts a pressure at the bottom of the pool. Which graph shows the relationship between the pressure exerted by the water and the depth of water in…

Fig. 1.1 shows a distance–time graph for a cyclist. The distance rises linearly from 0 to about 400 m between time = 0 and time = 100 s, then stays at 400 m to 150 s, then rises…

The mass of a solid metal cylinder is 400 g and its volume is 52 cm³. Calculate the density of the metal. Include the unit.

A girl holds a rubber ball out of a window of a tall building. The mass of the ball is 0.20 kg. The ball is at rest 10 m above a concrete path. Calculate the gravitational…

A radio transmitter is a very tall, thin cylinder, prevented from falling over by wires fixed to the transmitter and the ground a long distance away. Fig. 4.1 shows the…

Many methods of generating electrical power involve the use of water. Describe one method of generating electrical power from energy stored in water.

A student determines the weight of a metre ruler using a balancing method. Fig. 1.1 shows the set-up: a metre ruler balanced on a pivot with load P near the 90.0 cm mark; a is the…