IGCSE Science - Combined (0653) — May–June 2025, Paper 12

40 questions · every question answerable online with instant point-by-point AI marking against the official mark scheme.

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Question 1 · 1 mark · Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Which word describes the removal of waste products and substances in excess of requirements from an organism? A absorption B egestion C excretion D ingestion

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Question 2 · 1 mark · Cells

The diagram shows a plant cell. Structure X is a large central organelle and structure Y is a small dense rounded organelle near the cell edge. Which row identifies structures X…

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Question 3 · 1 mark · Movement in and out of cells

Oxygen gas moves into red blood cells from the alveoli. What is this process? A diffusion B evaporation C osmosis D transpiration

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Question 4 · 1 mark · Plant nutrition

A student labels a section through a leaf as shown. The labels are A upper epidermis, B palisade mesophyll, C spongy mesophyll and D stomata. Which label is not correct? A upper…

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Question 5 · 1 mark · Biological molecules

What are the chemical elements in an enzyme? A carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen B carbon, oxygen and hydrogen only C carbon and oxygen only D oxygen and nitrogen only

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Question 6 · 1 mark · Human nutrition

Which statement describes chemical digestion? A Food molecules pass along the alimentary canal. B Large food molecules break down into smaller molecules. C Large pieces of food…

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Question 7 · 1 mark · Human nutrition

The diagram shows the alimentary canal and associated organs. Four parts are labelled P, Q, R and S. Which row shows the labels for parts P, Q, R and S? P Q R S --- --- --- ---…

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Question 8 · 1 mark · Transport in plants

The diagrams show cross-sections of roots and stems from non-woody dicotyledonous plants. Which diagram identifies the position of the phloem and xylem in the root and stem? A, B,…

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Question 9 · 1 mark · Respiration

Which molecules are required for aerobic respiration? A carbon dioxide and oxygen B carbon dioxide and water C glucose and oxygen D glucose and water

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Question 10 · 1 mark · Reproduction in plants

What is the definition of pollination? A the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to an ovule B the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma C the transfer of…

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Question 11 · 1 mark · Reproduction in humans

The diagram shows the human female reproductive system. Four parts are labelled P, Q, R and S. Which row identifies the functions of the labelled parts? releases eggs site of…

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Question 12 · 1 mark · Organisms and their environment

Which process in the carbon cycle releases carbon back into the atmosphere? A feeding B formation of fossil fuels C photosynthesis D respiration

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Question 13 · 1 mark · Organisms and their environment

Which type of organism makes its own organic nutrients? A carnivore B consumer C herbivore D producer

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Question 14 · 1 mark · Atoms, elements and compounds

Which statement describes how an atom forms an ion with a 1+ charge? A The atom gains 1 electron. B The atom gains 7 electrons. C The atom loses 1 electron. D The atom loses 7…

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Question 15 · 1 mark · Atoms, elements and compounds

Which molecule contains the lowest number of outer-shell electrons? A Cl2 B CH4 C H2 D H2O

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Question 16 · 1 mark · Stoichiometry

The ratio of the atoms Na : C : O in sodium carbonate is 2 : 1 : 3. What is the formula of sodium carbonate? A Na2CO3 B Na2(CO)3 C 2NaCO3 D 2Na2(CO3)2

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Question 17 · 1 mark · Stoichiometry

Which equation is balanced? A 2CO + O2 - 2CO2 B Cu + O2 - CuO C 2Mg + 2HCl - MgCl2 + H2 D 2N2 + 3H2 - 2NH3

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Question 18 · 1 mark · Electrochemistry

What is produced at the anode during the electrolysis of molten lead(II) bromide? A bromide ions B bromine C lead D lead(II) ions

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Question 19 · 1 mark · Chemical energetics

Which reaction is most endothermic? initial temperature /°C final temperature /°C --- --- --- A 21 19 B 20 22 C 19 18 D 18 23

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Question 20 · 1 mark · Chemical reactions

Which statement indicates that a chemical change occurs? A Energy is absorbed. B There is a change in colour. C There is a change of state. D There is no change in mass.

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Question 21 · 1 mark · Rate of reaction

Dilute sulfuric acid reacts with excess zinc granules. Hydrogen gas forms. Line X on the graph shows the results. The graph plots volume of hydrogen collected against time: line X…

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Question 22 · 1 mark · Oxidation and reduction

Which statement describes what happens during reduction? A An element gains oxygen. B A compound gains oxygen. C A compound loses oxygen. D A mixture of elements loses oxygen.

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Question 23 · 1 mark · Acids, bases and salts

Which row describes an acid? pH reaction with metals reaction with bases --- --- --- --- A 2 forms water forms hydrogen B 3 forms hydrogen forms water C 4 forms hydrogen forms…

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Question 24 · 1 mark · The Periodic Table

Which change occurs from lithium to neon across Period 2 of the Periodic Table? A Atomic mass decreases. B Atoms of the elements have fewer electrons in their outer shells. C The…

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Question 25 · 1 mark · Metals

Which row shows the name of an ore of iron and the process used to extract iron from the ore? ore process --- --- --- A bauxite electrolysis B bauxite reduction in the blast…

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Question 26 · 1 mark · Experimental techniques

Sugar dissolves in water to form sugar solution. Which word describes the sugar? A filtrate B residue C solute D solvent

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Question 27 · 1 mark · Experimental techniques

Which methods of separation depend on the substances in a mixture having different boiling points? A crystallisation and simple distillation B evaporation and filtration C…

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Question 28 · 1 mark · Density

A solid block has mass m and weight W. The volume of the block is V. Which expression gives the density of the block? A m/V B V/m C V/W D W/V

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Question 29 · 1 mark · Forces

Three horizontal forces act on a box as shown. A force of 10 N acts to the left, and forces of 8.0 N and 5.0 N act to the right. What is the resultant horizontal force acting on…

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Question 30 · 1 mark · Thermal physics

Which process is the escape of the more energetic particles from the surface of a liquid? A conduction B convection C evaporation D radiation

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Question 31 · 1 mark · Thermal physics

Which row shows a good thermal conductor and a thermal insulator? good thermal conductor thermal insulator --- --- --- A copper air B copper aluminium C water air D water aluminium

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Question 32 · 1 mark · States of matter

Which row shows how particles in a liquid and a gas are arranged? liquid gas --- --- --- A regularly regularly B regularly not regularly C not regularly regularly D not regularly…

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Question 33 · 1 mark · Thermal physics

When a metal bar is heated, the separation of its particles increases and the bar becomes longer. What is this process called? A condensation B contraction C emission D expansion

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Question 34 · 1 mark · The electromagnetic spectrum

Which electromagnetic radiation has the lowest frequency? A gamma B infrared C radio D ultraviolet

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Question 35 · 1 mark · Sound

A man hits a post with a hammer. This produces a sound. A student is a distance of 170 m from the man. The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s. How much time does it take for the…

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Question 36 · 1 mark · Properties of waves

A stone dropped into a pond produces 20 circular wave crests in 1.0 minute. What is the frequency of the wave? A 0.050 Hz B 0.33 Hz C 3.0 Hz D 20 Hz

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Question 37 · 1 mark · Electrical quantities

The diagram shows a circuit containing a battery, an ammeter (A) in the main circuit, a resistor, and a voltmeter (V) connected across the resistor. Which expression gives the…

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Question 38 · 1 mark · Electrical quantities

The voltage across a lamp is 10 V. The current in the lamp is 0.010 A. How much energy does the lamp transfer in 50 s? A 0.050 J B 5.0 J C 500 J D 50 000 J

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Question 39 · 1 mark · Electric circuits

The diagram shows a circuit containing three identical lamps, P, Q and R. All the lamps are shining. Lamp P is in a branch with a variable resistor, lamp Q is in a branch with a…

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Question 40 · 1 mark · The Solar System / stars

What causes a protostar to form from an interstellar cloud of gas and dust? A gravitational attraction B infrared radiation C supernova explosion D thermal convection

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