Motion, forces and energy — IGCSE Physics (0625) questions by topic

Which statement about the speed and velocity of an object is correct? A The speed and velocity of an object are always greater than zero. B The speed of an object is always…

The table shows a student's times in three races. race distance/m time/s --- --- --- 1 100 12 2 150 17 3 200 25 What is the order of the student's average speeds in each race,…

Which row gives the correct weight for the mass shown when it is at the Earth's surface? mass/kg weight/N --- --- --- A 2.00 19.6 B 10.0 1.02 C 10.0 9.80 D 20.0 2.04

The masses and volumes of four objects are shown. Which object floats in a liquid of density 1.4 g/cm^3? mass of object/g volume of object/cm^3 --- --- --- A 1.0 0.5 B 2.0 3.0 C…

A car is driven from rest on a long straight road. The car engine exerts a constant driving force. The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on the car. The resistive forces…

A mattress placed on a bed contains many compression springs. The diagram shows a bed with a mattress on top; inside the mattress are coiled compression springs. Which energy…

Which energy resource does not contain a store of chemical energy? A biofuel B coal C nuclear fuel D oil

A person carries 20 tiles from the ground to the roof of a house. Each tile has a mass of 1.2 kg. The roof of the house is 15 m above the ground. How much work does the person do…

Which pair of changes, applied at the same time, always increases the pressure that a brick exerts on the ground? weight of brick area of brick in contact with ground --- --- ---…

A speed-time graph is plotted for the motion of a car. Which quantity does the area under the speed-time graph represent? A acceleration of the car B average speed of the car C…

Which quantity is an example of a force? A density B mass C volume D weight

Four hollow glass balls, P, Q, R and S, each have a volume of 30 cm^3. The mass of each ball is shown. ball mass / g --- --- P 15 Q 25 R 35 S 45 Which balls will float in a liquid…

A car travels at constant speed along a straight road that has a slight downwards slope. Which statement is correct? A There is a resultant force on the car down the slope. B…

A torque wrench is a tool that ensures nuts or bolts are tightened to the required amount. A mechanic sets the torque wrench to produce a moment of 50 N m. The torque wrench has a…

The work done W by a force is related to the magnitude F of the force and the distance d moved in the direction of the force. Which equation for W is correct? A W = d / F B W = d…

Which energy resource requires a power station with a boiler to produce steam when generating electricity? A coal B tides C water behind a dam D wind

The strength of the gravitational field at the surface of a planet depends on the ......1...... . The strength of the gravitational field ......2...... as the distance from the…

A speed-time graph is plotted for the motion of a car. Which quantity does the area under the speed-time graph represent? A acceleration of the car B average speed of the car C…

Which quantity is an example of a force? A density B mass C volume D weight

Four hollow glass balls, P, Q, R and S, each have a volume of 30 cm^3. The mass of each ball is shown. ball mass / g --- --- P 15 Q 25 R 35 S 45 Which balls will float in a liquid…

A car travels at constant speed along a straight road that has a slight downwards slope. Which statement is correct? A There is a resultant force on the car down the slope. B…

A torque wrench is a tool that ensures nuts or bolts are tightened to the required amount. A mechanic sets the torque wrench to produce a moment of 50 N m. The torque wrench has a…

The work done W by a force is related to the magnitude F of the force and the distance d moved in the direction of the force. Which equation for W is correct? A W = d / F B W = d…

Which energy resource requires a power station with a boiler to produce steam when generating electricity? A coal B tides C water behind a dam D wind

The strength of the gravitational field at the surface of a planet depends on the ......1...... . The strength of the gravitational field ......2...... as the distance from the…

The speed-time graph for a racing car is divided into four sections, P, Q, R and S. The car starts the race but soon crashes into a wall of tyres. The graph shows speed on the…

The diagram shows the four forces acting on an aircraft in flight. The forces are: 120 kN acting vertically upwards (lift), 60 kN acting vertically downwards (weight), 60 kN…

The diagrams show two metal blocks, X and Y, suspended from identical force meters. X and Y have identical dimensions. The force meter for block X reads about 2 N. The force meter…

A spring has a length of 25 cm when a load of 2.0 N is suspended from it. The spring has a length of 35 cm when a 7.0 N load is used. What is the spring constant of the spring? A…

The diagrams E-H show a block of wood on a frictionless surface. In each diagram, the block has two forces acting on its sides. E: a 2 N force acting to the right at the top of…

Which statement is not correct? A the momentum of a system is conserved in all interactions B impulse = change of momentum C force acting = change of momentum x time D momentum =…

A force acting on a moving ball causes its motion to change. This force stays constant. What makes the force produce a greater change in the motion of the ball? A decreasing the…

A farmer has two carts. The carts have the same weight, but one has four narrow wheels and the other has four wide wheels. Which cart wheels sink less into soft ground and what is…

A fixed mass of gas has a volume of 1.2 m^3 and is at a pressure of 200 kPa. The gas expands at constant temperature to a volume of 1.8 m^3. What is the new pressure of the gas? A…

A steel ball is dropped from the top floor of a building. Air resistance can be ignored. Which statement describes the motion of the ball? A The ball falls with constant…

The diagram shows a velocity-time graph for an object which is accelerating. The graph is a straight line. Velocity (in m/s) is on the vertical axis (marked from 0 to 120) and…

Diagram 1 shows a piece of flexible material that contains many pockets of air. Diagram 2 shows the same piece of flexible material after it has been compressed so that its volume…

A student determines the density of copper. She has a rectangular block of copper. Which other apparatus does she need? Key: tick = needed, cross = not needed. balance ruler…

A 0.15 kg mass is suspended from a vertical spring. The mass is pulled downwards until the spring has extended by 12 cm from its unstretched length. The spring constant of the…

A cricket ball of mass 0.15 kg is moving at a speed of 30 m/s. The diagram shows a batsman holding a bat stationary as the ball hits the bat and bounces back at the same speed in…

A stone is thrown vertically upwards at a speed of 5.0 m/s. All of the energy initially in the kinetic store of the stone is transferred to its gravitational potential store when…

Three energy resources are listed. 1 geothermal 2 wind 3 nuclear fuel Which resources get their energy from the Sun? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 only

A car is driven from one town to another town along a road that is not straight. The driver of the car divides the total distance travelled by the total time taken. Which quantity…

Which quantity can be determined from the area under a speed-time graph? A acceleration B distance C speed D velocity

Students are asked for a statement about the weight of an object. Three of the statements are listed. 1 The weight is the quantity of matter in the object. 2 The weight is the…

Samples of three different liquids have equal masses. The volumes of the samples are 190 cm^3, 200 cm^3 and 235 cm^3. The liquids are poured into a large measuring cylinder and…

A car moves along a level road. The diagram shows all of the horizontal forces acting on the car: an air resistance force of 800 N pointing backwards (to the left), a friction…

A car is travelling around a circular track at a constant speed, as shown. The diagram shows the car on the circular track with four labelled direction arrows: A points outward…

A railway truck of mass 8000 kg moves with a velocity of 1.0 m/s to the right. It collides with a railway truck of mass 12 000 kg moving at 2.0 m/s to the left. The two trucks…

A stone is dropped from a bridge which is 22 m above a river. What is the speed of the stone when it hits the water? A 15 m/s B 21 m/s C 220 m/s D 430 m/s

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a car travelling along a flat, straight road. The graph has four sections, labelled JK, KL, LM and MN. Complete the following sentence. The…

A wooden beam is used in a see-saw. The mass of the wooden beam is 40 kg. Calculate the weight of the wooden beam. weight of beam = ................................ N

An electric motor lifts a load. Fig. 4.1 shows the arrangement: a power supply connected by leads to an electric motor, which lifts a load by a thread wound on its shaft. The…

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graphs for two racing cars, X and Y, at the beginning of a race. Using the information on Fig. 1.1, state and explain which racing car, X or Y, has…

Some buildings are built on large, strong metal rods that are pushed deep into the ground. A machine drops a heavy hammer onto each metal rod to push it into the ground, as shown…

A student determines the weight W of a metal block by using a 1.5 N load and a uniform metre ruler. She places the centre of the uniform metre ruler on a pivot. Fig. 3.1 (not to…

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graphs for two racing cars, X and Y, at the beginning of a race. Using the information on Fig. 1.1, state and explain which racing car, X or Y, has…

Some buildings are built on large, strong metal rods that are pushed deep into the ground. A machine drops a heavy hammer onto each metal rod to push it into the ground, as shown…

A student determines the weight W of a metal block by using a 1.5 N load and a uniform metre ruler. She places the centre of the uniform metre ruler on a pivot. As shown in Fig.…

Circle the vector quantities in the list. acceleration mass speed time velocity

A resultant force is applied to an object moving with a velocity v in a straight line. State two different changes to the motion that the resultant force may cause.

Fig. 3.1 shows a side view of part of a concrete track at a skateboard park. The track curves down from a high point A on the left, through a low point B at the bottom, and up to…

Fig. 1.1 is a speed-time graph for an ice skater. Describe the motion of the skater between t = 0 and t = 3.0 s.

Fig. 2.1 shows a balanced, uniform metre ruler made of wood. The width of the metre ruler is 2.6 × 10⁻² m and the thickness of the ruler is 6.0 × 10⁻³ m. Define the 'moment' of a…

Define momentum.

A car travels at a speed of 20 m/s. The driver applies the brakes when he sees a red traffic light. Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for the car. Determine the speed of the car…

Fig. 2.1 shows a space vehicle which consists of a capsule and a nose cone. The space vehicle is moving at a velocity of 7800 m/s. The mass of the space vehicle is 840 kg. Show…

Fig. 3.1 shows an archer aiming an arrow at a target. The archer pulls back on the bow string, doing a total of 110 J of work. Her hand moves a distance of 0.45 m. The bow is bent…

The diagram shows two objects, X and Y, suspended from identical springs. The extension of each spring is different (object Y stretches its spring more than object X). Which row…

A plastic bottle contains 750 cm³ of oil. The diagram shows the mass of the bottle being measured when full (650 g) and when empty (50 g). What is the density of the oil? A 0.80…

The extension–load graph for a spring is shown (extension/cm 0–3 vs load/N 0–5, a straight line through the origin). The unstretched length of the spring is 15.0 cm. When an…

A student determines the position of the centre of gravity of a piece of card. The available equipment (not to scale) is: clamp and stand, pin, weight on a thin string, pencil,…

A cyclist stops his bicycle using the brakes. Which row about energy stores is correct? A decreases: kinetic energy store of bicycle; increases: chemical energy store of brakes B…

A man applies a force of 40 N to push a box along the floor. How much power is required to push the box 4.0 m in 3.0 seconds? A 3.3 W B 30 W C 53 W D 480 W

Four identical submarines, P, Q, R and S, are lowered from one depth to another in water of constant density. The depths (from the water surface): P from 10 m to 30 m; Q from 50 m…

Four athletes run twice around a track. The table shows their times at the end of each lap (first lap / s, second lap / s): A 22.99, 47.04; B 23.04, 47.00; C 23.16, 47.18; D…

A racing car's on-board computer records the distance travelled in the two seconds after it passes the starting line. Which set of data shows that the car is increasing in speed…

Which row shows the gravitational field strength on the Earth and the definition of velocity? A 9.8 kg/N; the change in the speed B 9.8 N/kg; the change in the speed C 9.8 kg/N;…

Which statement about the weight of an object is correct? A The weight of an object is the gravitational force per unit mass. B The weight of an object is the gravitational force…

The diagram shows a load–extension graph for a steel spring (load/N 0–2.0 vs extension/cm 0–8.0). The length of the spring with no load attached is 2.0 cm. Which load increases…

Which force between two solid surfaces opposes motion? A friction B gravity C kinetic D weight

A box of mass 2.0 kg and weight 20 N is carried to the top of some stairs. The stairs rise a vertical height of 1.2 m over a horizontal distance of 1.8 m. How is the work done…

Four submarines are submerged. The density of fresh water is 1000 kg/m³ and of sea water is 1020 kg/m³. The depths below the surface: A fresh water 100 m; B fresh water 120 m; C…

A car travels along a road at a constant speed. What correctly describes the speed–time graph of the car? A a horizontal line B a vertical line C a diagonal line upwards D a…

Four objects are moving along a straight line. The distance of each object from a fixed point is plotted against time (distance–time graphs A, B, C, D). Which object is…

An object is taken from the Earth to the Moon. The acceleration of free fall is 9.8 m/s² on the Earth and 1.6 m/s² on the Moon. Which row describes the mass and the weight of the…

The diagram shows some liquid in a measuring cylinder (scale 0–25 cm³); the liquid reaches the 20 cm³ mark. The mass of the liquid is 16 g. What is the density of the liquid? A…

A single force acts upon an object and the volume of the object does not change. Which statement is correct? A The density of the object changes. B The velocity of the object…

Four electric motors do the same quantity of work when they lift a weight of 10 N through the same distance. The times taken by each motor are 1.5 s, 6.0 s, 15 s and 60 s. What is…

Which row describes how the pressure beneath the surface of a liquid depends on the depth below the surface and on the density of the liquid? A pressure decreases with increasing…

Which row explains the apparent daily motion of the Sun across the sky and the cycle of phases of the Moon? A Sun: the Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours; Moon: the…

In which row are quantities correctly categorised into scalar quantities and vector quantities? A scalar: mass and energy; vector: weight and acceleration B scalar: gravitational…

A body is moved from place X to place Y where the gravitational field strength is different. What happens to its mass and to its weight due to the move? A mass changes; weight…

The mass of an object is 2.5 kg. The volume of the object is 480 cm³. What is the density of the object? A 5.2 × 10⁻³ g/cm³ B 5.2 g/cm³ C 190 g/cm³ D 1.2 × 10³ g/cm³

Four objects each have two 1.0 N forces acting on them (diagrams A–D). Which object is in equilibrium? (The equilibrium object has two equal, opposite, collinear forces.) A object…

A ball of mass m falls vertically and hits a hard surface with speed v1. It rebounds vertically upwards with speed v2. What is the change in momentum of the ball? A mv1 B mv2 C…

A stone is dropped from a tall tower and falls a distance of 50 m to the ground. The stone has a mass of 3.0 kg. At which speed does the stone hit the ground? A 17 m/s B 31 m/s C…

A coal-fired power station burns coal to boil water; the steam makes the generator move, producing electricity. Which row gives the name of the energy store in the coal and the…

The motion of an object is represented by a speed–time graph, with the area under the graph shaded. Which quantity is equal to the area under the graph? A acceleration B average…

An astronaut of mass 80 kg is standing on a planet with gravitational field strength g = 3.8 N/kg. What is the weight of the astronaut on this planet? A 780 N B 300 N C 210 N D 21…

A sealed container of volume 2000 cm³ contains air at high pressure. Placed on a top-pan balance it reads 200.00 g. All the air is removed by a vacuum pump and the reading changes…

Each diagram (A–D) shows three forces on a beam. In which situation is it possible for the three forces shown to be in equilibrium? (The forces must be arranged so they can…

A gymnast jumps down from a high piece of apparatus and gradually bends her knees as she lands. Which effect does this have? A She will have a smaller change of momentum as she…

The table gives four energy resources and states whether the main source of energy is the Sun. Which row is correct? A geothermal; yes B oil; no C water held behind a dam; yes D…

The equation p = ρgh can be used for a liquid. What is the meaning of the term ρ? A pressure due to the liquid B density of the liquid C total pressure due to the liquid and the…

Which quantity is a vector? A electric field strength B energy C mass D temperature

An athlete runs 2.4 km in 12 minutes. What is the average speed of the athlete? A 0.20 m/s B 3.3 m/s C 29 m/s D 200 m/s

The graph shows how the speed of a car (speed/m/s 0–25) changes during a period of 50 s. Which row gives the car's greatest acceleration and the car's greatest deceleration? A…

Which statement about gravitational field strength g is correct? A g = mass / weight B g = mass × weight C g is defined as the mass per unit force D g is equal to the acceleration…

Which property of an object cannot be changed by applying forces? A mass B shape C speed D volume

A small ball of mass 0.10 kg travels horizontally at 600 m/s. It strikes a stationary wooden block of mass 1.9 kg on a frictionless horizontal surface, and the ball stays in the…

An object taken underwater will be damaged if the total pressure acting on it is greater than 2.1 MPa. Atmospheric pressure = 101 000 Pa; density of water = 1000 kg/m³. What is…

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for a car (speed/m/s 0–20 vs time/s 0–20). Three points are marked: R (on the rising part), S (on the flat part at maximum speed) and T (on the…

Fig. 3.1 shows the horizontal forces acting on a boat: 80 N backwards and 200 N forwards. Calculate the resultant horizontal force on the boat in Fig. 3.1. State the size and…

The government of a country decides to reduce the amount of fossil fuel burned for generating electrical power. State two reasons, apart from cost, for reducing the amount of…

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for a car travelling along a flat straight road (speed/m/s 0–20 vs time/s 0–14). The car accelerates from 0 to about 2.0 s, travels at constant…

Fig. 3.1 shows two solid shapes, a cylinder and a cone, made from the same material. State and explain which shape is the more stable.

Fig. 4.1 shows a flow diagram for the energy transferred in a television: energy input = 100 J, useful energy output = 30 J, and the rest is wasted energy output. State two ways…

Table 11.1 shows information about two planets: Venus (mass 4.87 × 10²⁴ kg, distance from Sun 108.2 × 10⁶ km, time for one rotation on its axis 5832 hours) and Earth (mass 5.97 ×…

A girl is cycling along a straight horizontal road. Fig. 1.1 shows the directions of the forces acting on the cyclist as she cycles in the direction of force C: force A…

Fig. 2.1 shows a road sign (STOP) on a base on the ground. A strong wind blows and the sign begins to fall over; a man catches it before it falls completely. Fig. 2.2 shows the…

Fig. 3.1 represents a hydroelectric power station transmitting electrical energy to homes and factories 200 km away (water behind a dam, a pipeline, the power station, cables and…

A long tube contains oil. A small ball is held at rest at the surface and at time t = 0 is released and begins to fall vertically through the oil (Fig. 1.1). As the ball begins to…

Fig. 2.1 shows two identical trolleys, P and Q, held at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. A 1.5 kg load is fixed to trolley P. A compressed spring is between the…

The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a battery is 7.5 V. Define the term electromotive force.

A load is suspended from a thread. The vertical force on the thread due to the load is 0.75 N. Calculate the mass of the load.

Define acceleration.

A student drops a heavy ball from a vertical height of 1.8 m above the ground. The ball falls to the ground and does not bounce after hitting the ground. Describe the transfers of…

A ball of mass 130 g is launched from the ground at an initial velocity of 14 m/s vertically upwards. It decelerates until it is at rest momentarily at a height h above the…

Fig. 2.1 shows solar-powered traffic warning lights, with a solar cell and lights. The energy from the solar cell is stored in a battery. Name the energy store in the battery.

Fig. 3.1 shows two children balanced on a seesaw (a length of wood rotating about a central pivot). Child A (weight 450 N) sits 1.60 m from the pivot; child B (weight 900 N) sits…

The diagram shows the speed–time graph of an object. The graph has four sections labelled A, B, C and D: A is a gentle rise, B is a short steeper rise, C is a steep rise, and D is…

An object begins to fall close to the Earth's surface. Air resistance can be ignored. Which statement about the object's acceleration is correct? A The acceleration is constant. B…

Which quantity is equal to gravitational force? A gravitational field strength × mass B gravitational field strength × weight C mass per unit weight D weight per unit mass

A concrete building block has the dimensions shown: 29 cm long, 18 cm high and 12 cm deep. The mass of the block is 15 000 g. What is the density of the block? A 43 g/cm³ B 2.4…

What is measured by the moment of a force? A the acceleration produced by the force B the turning effect of the force C the time for which the force acts D the increase in energy…

Two identical containers, P and Q, are partly filled with different quantities of sand. Container P is filled to a lower level (low centre of gravity X) and container Q is filled…

The diagram shows a steel sphere falling through a cylinder of oil; the sphere moves downward through the oil. Which row indicates what happens to the steel sphere and what…

A moving object is brought to rest by a frictional force of 30 N over a distance of 5.0 m. The diagram shows the energy transferred between stores: from a store of kinetic energy…

A motor transfers 24 J of energy in 60 seconds. What is the power output of the motor? A 0.40 W B 2.5 W C 24 W D 1400 W

An artist makes four sculptures with circular bases and places them on sand. All the sculptures are of equal weight and volume. The diagram shows four shapes A (cone/triangle,…

The diagram shows how the speed of a falling object changes with time. The curve rises and levels off; points X, Y and Z lie on the flat (terminal) part of the curve. Which row…

The speed–time graph represents a journey. Section X is the rising part of the graph and section Y is the falling part after the peak. How does the graph show that the distance…

Which row contains two correct statements about the mass and the weight of an object? (Columns: mass of an object; weight of an object.) A mass: is measured using a measuring…

Which equipment is used to find the density of an irregularly shaped stone? A force meter and ruler B measuring cylinder, ruler and water C measuring cylinder, top pan balance and…

The diagram shows a force F acting at 90° to a bar at a distance d from the point P. Which pair of changes causes the greatest increase in the moment of the force F about the…

A child of weight 420 N is sitting on a swing with her feet on the ground. The child experiences an upward force from the ground of 130 N and an upward force from the swing of 290…

Students are asked for examples of water being used to store energy. Three examples are listed: 1 energy stored in water waves; 2 energy stored in tides; 3 energy stored in water…

Which statement about power is correct? A Power is measured in joules. B Power = energy × time. C Power is the rate of energy transfer. D Greater power always gives higher…

In which position does a person exert least pressure on the ground? A kneeling on the ground B lying flat on the ground C sitting on the ground D standing on the ground

A current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a turning effect. Students are asked how the turning effect can be increased. Three suggestions are listed: 1 decreasing…

Which statement is correct? A speed = distance travelled × time taken B speed = velocity in a given direction C velocity = time taken / distance travelled D velocity = speed in a…

A stone falls freely from the top of a cliff. Air resistance may be ignored. Which graph shows how the acceleration of the stone varies with time as it falls? A a straight line…

Which statement about weight is correct? A It is a measure of the quantity of matter in an object. B It is the gravitational force on an object that has mass. C It is equivalent…

A student uses the equation ρ = m / V. Which row shows the correct meaning of these symbols? A ρ = density, m = mass, V = velocity B ρ = density, m = mass, V = volume C ρ =…

What is the point at which the weight of an object appears to act? A the centre of gravity of the object B the density of the object C the moment of a force about a point D the…

A spring is stretched by adding loads to it. Which diagram shows the extension-load graph for the spring? A straight line with a positive intercept on the extension axis B…

The diagram shows a force of 12 N being used to push a box up a slope. The box is moved 8.0 m along the slope. This lifts the box through a vertical height of 2.5 m. How much work…

Which energy resource is non-renewable? A biofuel B energy from the Sun C nuclear fuel D water behind a dam

What is the relationship between the power of a motor, the force exerted by the motor, the distance moved by the force and the time taken? A power = (distance moved × time taken)…

How is pressure defined? A area per unit force B force per unit area C mass per unit area D mass per unit volume

A fixed mass of gas is trapped in a cylinder with a piston. The volume of the gas is slowly reduced at constant temperature without any particles of gas escaping. Which statement…

A rocket travels with an average speed of 6 km/s for 2 minutes. What is the distance travelled by the rocket? A 12 km B 50 km C 720 km D 12 000 km

The diagram shows the vertical forces acting on a ball as it falls vertically through the air. The ball does not reach terminal velocity. Air resistance acts upward and weight…

A coconut falls from a palm tree. At X, it has just started falling. Y is the point just before it hits the ground. What is the acceleration of the coconut at X? (Air resistance…

A car is driven round a bend in the road at a constant speed. What is the direction of the resultant force on the car when it is going round the bend? A parallel to the motion and…

The diagram shows a drawbridge attached to a wall by a hinge at one end and a cable at the other. The weight of the drawbridge and the tension in the cable are represented by the…

Which equation gives the momentum change of an object? A momentum change = force / area B momentum change = force × distance C momentum change = force × (distance / time) D…

The diagram shows an object of mass m being projected with speed v from a point P to a point Q on top of a cliff of height h. The object does work W against air resistance as it…

The diagram shows a Sankey diagram for an electric drill. The energy input branches into useful kinetic energy and wasted sound and thermal energy. Scale: distance between two…

An elephant of weight 45 000 N stands with all four feet on the floor. The average pressure on the floor due to the elephant foot in contact with it is 34 000 Pa. What is the area…

Two forces with magnitudes F₁ and F₂ act on an object at right angles to each other. What is the magnitude of the resultant force? A √(F₁² + F₂²) B √F₁ + √F₂ C √(F₁²) + √(F₂²) D…

A boy takes 30 minutes to cycle a distance of 8.0 km. He then walks a further distance of 2.0 km in 15 minutes. What is his average speed? A 4.5 km/h B 5.6 km/h C 12 km/h D 13 km/h

A small, light ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. Which graph shows how the speed of the ball changes with time? A a straight line through the origin (speed…

Which statement about gravitational field strength is not correct? A It changes the mass of an object. B It is equivalent to the acceleration of free fall. C It is measured in…

Three liquids P, Q and R have different densities and do not mix. The liquids are placed in a measuring cylinder and allowed to settle (P at the bottom, Q in the middle, R at the…

The diagram shows a uniform beam pivoted at its centre. A student applies two forces, F₁ and F₂, as shown. F₁ acts down on the left at distance d₁ from the left end and d₃ from…

Which expression can be used to determine the impulse on a tennis ball? A force × time B momentum / time C mass × initial velocity D mass × acceleration

Which row shows the process by which energy in the Sun is released, the process by which it is transferred to the Earth and a way in which it is stored once it reaches the Earth?…

An object has a mass of 20 kg. It is taken up stairs through a height of 4.0 m. What is the increase in the store of gravitational potential energy? A 5.0 J B 49 J C 80 J D 780 J

An electrician uses a lifting machine, as shown. The lifting machine takes 4.5 s to lift the electrician a vertical height of 3.2 m. The mass of the electrician is 72 kg. The…

Some altimeters use the change in air pressure to measure height. If the pressure is 100 kPa at sea level on a particular day, what will the pressure be at the top of an 830 m…

Which list contains only vector quantities? A acceleration, distance, speed B electric field strength, momentum, weight C energy, mass, temperature D force, time, velocity

The graph shows how the velocity of an elevator varies with time. The elevator starts from the third floor of a tall building. Point P indicates the start of the elevator's…

An object of mass 1.0 kg is at rest on the Earth. An identical object is at rest on a planet with a gravitational field strength of twice that on the Earth. Which row correctly…

An engineer researched the density of different liquids being used as coolants. The table gives liquid and density/(kg/m³): X 785; Y 1020; Z 1250. None of the liquids mix with…

The diagram shows a car moving along a road. The force due to the engine is 1500 N and the total drag force is 200 N. What is the motion of the car? A decreasing speed forward B…

A pair of cutters is used to cut a rope. The diagram shows the blades pivoted near point R, with point P far out along a blade and point Q near the pivot; the handles extend to…

An object has a mass of 20 kg. Its velocity changes from 6 m/s to 10 m/s. Which impulse has acted on the object? A 80 N s B 120 N s C 200 N s D 320 N s

Useful energy is obtained from different energy resources. Four examples of energy resources are listed: water waves; geothermal; wind; water behind hydroelectric dams. How many…

A box of mass 2.0 kg slides down a slope. The gravitational field strength is 9.8 N/kg. The box moves 13 m along the slope from P to Q, a horizontal distance of 12 m and a…

The diagram shows the path of a long-jumper. Point R, where she lands, is on the same horizontal level as point P, from where she takes off. The long-jumper experiences air…

Four tanks contain water to the depths shown: A 10 cm, B 9 cm, C 8 cm, D 7 cm (the tanks have different shapes). At the bottom of which tank is the pressure due to the water…

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for a cyclist riding a bicycle. The speed (m/s) rises from 0, curving up to a steady 8.0 m/s by about time = 8 s, stays constant at 8.0 m/s…

A person pushes a pushchair. A young child rides in the pushchair. Fig. 2.1 shows horizontal forces acting on the front wheel of the pushchair: a 30 N force forwards and a 10 N…

Fig. 4.1 shows the energy transfers in a lamp: input = 40 J of electrical energy, useful output = 28 J of light energy, and some wasted output energy. State the value of the…

Fig. 1.1 shows the distance–time graph for a student's journey (distance from student's home/m, 0–1600, vs time/min, 0–120). The student walks from home to a shop. He stops at the…

A car has a fault. A mechanic uses a machine to pull the car onto a recovery vehicle as shown in Fig. 3.1. Fig. 3.2 shows the mechanic applies a force of 26 N to the handle of the…

Energy stored in the water behind hydroelectric dams is an example of a renewable energy source. State what is meant by a renewable energy source.

Fig. 8.1 represents charges on an acetate strip and on a dry cloth. Both the acetate strip and the dry cloth are electrically neutral. The student charges the acetate strip by…

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for a cyclist at the beginning of a race (speed/m/s 0–5.0 vs time/s 0–10.0). The speed rises and curves to a constant 4.5 m/s by about 4 s,…

A boy weighs 620 N. Calculate the mass of the boy.

State the principle of conservation of energy.

A spring is suspended from a clamp. Fig. 1.1 shows a pointer attached to the lower end of the spring, next to a metre ruler. A student suspends loads of different weights from the…

A drag car is a racing car that is powered by a rocket engine. A drag car accelerates uniformly from rest until it reaches the finishing line. The engine is then switched off and…

Define the moment of a force and describe the effect that it measures.

A rocket has an initial mass of 7.4 × 10⁶ kg. Calculate the initial weight of the rocket.

Fig. 2.1 shows a golfer about to hit a golf ball with a golf club. The initial momentum of the golf ball is zero. Define momentum.

State two energy resources for which radiation from the Sun is the main source of energy.

A washing machine has an electric motor and an electric heater. Fig. 7.1 shows a simplified circuit diagram for the washing machine: an a.c. power supply, an ammeter A, and the…

State the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity.

Describe an experiment to determine the spring constant of a spring. State: the apparatus you need; details of how to take measurements; how to calculate the spring constant. You…

Fig. 7.1 shows a barrier at the entrance to a car park. The wooden barrier arm has a weight of 60 N which acts through the centre of gravity at the position shown on Fig. 7.1. The…

A cyclist is travelling along a straight road. Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for the cyclist. The graph is divided into four sections labelled P, Q, R and S. (Speed/(m/s) on…

Fig. 2.1 shows a concrete beam resting on the ground. The beam is 160 cm long (along the ground) and 12 cm high. The weight of the concrete beam is 1540 N. Calculate the pressure…

Electricity is distributed from wind turbines to homes and industry. Statements A–F describe the main stages in the transfer of energy from the Sun to electrical energy in a wind…

A student uses an electric motor to lift a load. Fig. 4.1 shows the arrangement: a motor on a bench, connected by a cable to a power supply, with a string from the motor shaft…

Fig. 2.1 shows the speed–time graph for a cyclist (speed/(m/s) 0–14 vs time/s 0–50). The sections ST, TW, WX, XY and YZ indicate stages of the cyclist's journey. State one section…

A student has a battery-powered torch (Fig. 3.1). Fig. 3.2 shows the energy transfers when the torch is switched on; the diagram is incomplete. An energy store of 100 J transfers…

Fig. 1.1 shows the distance–time graph for an engineer's journey. She drives from her home directly to her office and parks the car. She then drives from her office to her…

Fig. 2.1 shows an engineer working with wind turbines. Complete the sentence describing how electrical power is generated by energy in the wind: The source of the wind energy is…

A student balances a beam on a pivot. They then balance block A and block B on the beam, as shown in Fig. 3.1. Block A (weight 0.14 N) is at 5.5 cm from the pivot on one side;…

Fig. 1.1 shows a straight section of a river where the water is flowing from right to left at a speed of 0.54 m / s. A swimmer starts at point P and swims at a constant speed of…

Fig. 2.1 shows a motorcyclist accelerating along a straight horizontal section of track. The motorcyclist and motorcycle have a combined mass of 240 kg. On the straight horizontal…

Fig. 1.1 shows a helicopter which is stationary at a height of 1500 m above the ground. State the two conditions necessary for the helicopter to remain in equilibrium.

A student catches a cricket ball. The speed of the ball immediately before it is caught is 18 m / s. The mass of the cricket ball is 160 g. Calculate the kinetic energy stored in…

Fig. 3.1 shows a person moving across an ice-covered pond by spreading their weight (lying flat / crawling) to reach a ball on the ice. Explain why this way of moving across the…

Fig. 5.1 shows an electric heater used to heat a room. The dimensions of the room are 4.5 m × 6.1 m × 2.4 m. The density of air is 1.2 kg / m³. Show that the mass of air in the…

Fig. 1.1 shows a balloon filled with helium gas. The mass of the balloon is 120 kg. Calculate the weight of the balloon. Show your working.

Define pressure.

A student investigates the stretching of a spring. Fig. 1.1 shows the set-up (a spring suspended from a clamp stand next to a clamped metre ruler on a bench). The value l0 is the…

Fig. 1.1 shows a distance–time graph for a cyclist. The x-axis shows time/s from 0 to 250 and the y-axis shows distance/m from 0 to 1200. The graph shows a straight line from the…

The mass of a solid metal cylinder is 400 g and its volume is 52 cm³. Calculate the density of the metal. Include the unit.

Fig. 6.1 shows four wind turbines standing on the ground in the air. Describe how a wind turbine generates electrical power.

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for a cyclist beginning a race. The motion of the cyclist changes at points A, B and C. The y-axis is speed in m/s (0 to 20), the x-axis is…

State the principle of conservation of energy.

A platform rests on a pivot as shown in Fig. 3.1. A diver sits at a distance of 1.8 m from the pivot. The weight of the diver is 1100 N. A spring is attached on the other side of…

A student holds a pile of books. The mass of the books is 3.2 kg. Calculate the weight of the books.

Fig. 5.1 shows a tidal turbine fixed to the seabed by a cable, below sea level, with water flowing past it. A tidal turbine generates electricity from the energy stored in tides.…

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for a bus journey. The y-axis is speed in m/s (0 to 20), the x-axis is time/s (0 to 80). The bus accelerates from rest, travels at a maximum…

A farmer uses a rope to lift a barrel of fruit from the ground to a platform, as shown in Fig. 2.1. The barrel is lifted a height of 3.2 m. The farmer lifts the barrel of fruit at…

The mass of a glass bottle is 0.18 kg. Calculate the weight of the bottle.

A girl holds a rubber ball out of a window of a tall building. The mass of the ball is 0.20 kg. The ball is at rest 10 m above a concrete path. Calculate the gravitational…

A radio transmitter is a very tall, thin cylinder. It is prevented from falling over by wires which have one end fixed to the transmitter and the other end fixed in the ground a…

Many methods of generating electrical power involve the use of water. Describe one method of generating electrical power from energy stored in water.

A car accelerates uniformly in a straight line from rest at time t = 0. At t = 3.2 s, the speed of the car is 13.0 m/s. Calculate the acceleration of the car.

A balloon of mass 15 g is glued to a straw. The straw is threaded onto a horizontal string, as shown in Fig. 3.1. The balloon is filled with air and then the air is released. As…

Oil of density 0.80 g/cm³ is poured gently onto the surface of water of density 1.0 g/cm³. The oil and the water do not mix. Describe and explain the final position of the oil…

Fig. 2.1 is a graph that shows how the extension of a spring varies with the load suspended from it. It is a straight line through the origin reaching an extension of 4.0 cm at a…

Fig. 3.1 shows a boy throwing a ball at an object in a fairground. The ball has a mass of 190 g and travels horizontally with a constant speed of 6.9 m/s. Calculate the momentum…