Probability — IGCSE Mathematics (0580) questions by topic

Probability questions here work with a box of red and green counters in a given ratio, complete a table of spinner probabilities that must sum to 1, find the probability of not picking a specific colour from a stated probability, and work out the complement of a given probability for picking a counter. Find, calculate, complete, work out and explain want the underlying probability rule shown, such as probabilities summing to 1, not just a final decimal.

27 questions from 2023 to 2025 make up this page, worth between 1 and 11 marks. Because a probability calculated without checking it sums correctly across all outcomes is easy to get subtly wrong, submitting your working for instant marking catches that kind of slip immediately, rather than it only becoming clear once a later part of the question does not add up.

May–June 2025, Paper 11

Question 19 · 5 marks

A box contains 10 counters. The counters are either red or green. The ratio red counters : green counters = 1 : 4. Shareen picks a counter at random, notes its colour and puts it…

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May–June 2025, Paper 21

Question 17 · 7 marks

A bag contains 6 red marbles, 3 green marbles and 1 blue marble. Two marbles are picked at random from the bag with replacement. Find the probability that both marbles are green.

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May–June 2025, Paper 22

Question 4 · 2 marks

There are 7 cards, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Samira picks one of these cards at random and replaces it. Find the probability that she picks an odd number.

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May–June 2025, Paper 23

Question 1 · 1 mark

The probability of picking a green pen from a box is 0.17. Find the probability of not picking a green pen from the box.

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Question 11 · 4 marks

Angela picks a number at random from the numbers 1, 2 and 3. She then picks a number at random from the numbers 4, 5 and 6. She adds the two numbers to find the total. Complete…

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May–June 2025, Paper 31

Question 20 · 2 marks

A tin contains red, yellow, green and brown sweets. The table shows some of the probabilities of picking a sweet of each colour at random. Colour Red Yellow Green Brown --- ---…

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May–June 2025, Paper 32

Question 9 · 4 marks

Flo has a bag of counters. She picks a counter at random from the bag. The probability that she picks a green counter is 0.52 . Work out the probability that she does not pick a…

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May–June 2025, Paper 33

Question 6 · 1 mark

In a bag of counters, 6 of the counters are blue. The arrow on the probability scale shows the probability of picking a blue counter at random. The probability scale runs from 0…

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May–June 2025, Paper 42

Question 16 · 4 marks

On any day, the probability that the weather will be sunny is 0.7. Find the probability that on any day the weather will not be sunny.

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Question 22 · 5 marks

The Venn diagram shows information about the 33 students in a class. E = {number of students in a class}, G = {number of students who study geography}, H = {number of students who…

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May–June 2025, Paper 43

Question 20 · 5 marks

Stephan has two bags, A and B, each containing red sweets and yellow sweets only. He picks two sweets at random, one from bag A and the other from bag B. The probability that…

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May–June 2023, Paper 11

Question 15 · 2 marks

Eric has four colours of paint. The table shows the probability that he uses each colour: Red 0.3, Blue 0.35, Green 0.13, Yellow x. Find the value of x.

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May–June 2023, Paper 12

Question 12 · 2 marks

A spinner is spun. The possible outcomes are A, B, C or D. The probability of spinning A, C or D is shown in the table: P(A)=0.2, P(C)=0.05, P(D)=0.35, P(B) unknown. Complete the…

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May–June 2023, Paper 13

Question 18 · 1 mark

The probability that Tom is late for school is 0.12. There are 200 school days this year. Work out the expected number of times that Tom is late for school this year.

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Question 21 · 4 marks

A spinner has five sides painted red, blue, green, yellow or orange. The table shows some probabilities: Red 0.3, Blue 0.16, Green 0.18, Yellow 0.25, Orange unknown. Complete the…

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May–June 2023, Paper 21

Question 5 · 2 marks

Eric has four colours of paint. The table shows the probability that he uses each colour: Red 0.3, Blue 0.35, Green 0.13, Yellow x. Find the value of x.

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Question 15 · 3 marks

A bag contains 5 green buttons, 2 blue buttons and 6 white buttons. Maya takes two buttons at random from the bag, without replacement. Calculate the probability that one button…

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May–June 2023, Paper 22

Question 5 · 2 marks

A spinner is spun. The possible outcomes are A, B, C or D. The probability of spinning A, C or D is shown: P(A)=0.2, P(C)=0.05, P(D)=0.35, P(B) unknown. Complete the table.

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Question 23 · 3 marks

Bag A and bag B each contain red sweets and yellow sweets. Anna picks a sweet at random from bag A; Ben picks a sweet at random from bag B. The probability that Anna picks a red…

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May–June 2023, Paper 23

Question 7 · 4 marks

A spinner has five sides painted red, blue, green, yellow or orange. The table shows: Red 0.3, Blue 0.16, Green 0.18, Yellow 0.25, Orange unknown. Complete the table.

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May–June 2023, Paper 31

Question 9 · 6 marks

Maria spins a fair 7-sided spinner numbered 1 to 7. Explain why the probability that the spinner lands on a prime number is 4/7.

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October–November 2023, Paper 11

Question 23 · 1 mark

The table shows the number of people in a town who are left-handed and the number who are right-handed. Left-handed Right-handed Total --- --- --- --- Number of people 8 400 48…

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October–November 2023, Paper 13

Question 12 · 3 marks

Rama asks a group of students how they travel to school. The table shows the probability of how a student, chosen at random, travels to school. Bus Walk Car Other --- --- --- ---…

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Question 19 · 4 marks

A bag contains these cards: 1, 7, 3, 9, 4, 5, 2. One of these cards is picked at random. Find the probability that the number on the card is greater than 3.

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October–November 2023, Paper 23

Question 6 · 3 marks

Rama asks a group of students how they travel to school. The table shows the probability of how a student, chosen at random, travels to school. Bus Walk Car Other --- --- --- ---…

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October–November 2023, Paper 41

Question 4 · 11 marks

Lucia has two fair spinners. Spinner A is five-sided, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Spinner B is nine-sided, numbered 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5. Lucia spins the two spinners and records…

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October–November 2023, Paper 42

Question 8 · 9 marks

Two fair dice. Dice A is numbered 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 6. Dice B is numbered 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4. Dice A is rolled once. Write down the probability that it lands on the number 6.

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Other IGCSE Mathematics topics

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