IGCSE History (0470) — October–November 2023, Paper 12

Revolutionary events spread across Europe in 1848–49. What happened in Vienna in March 1848?

Early attempts to unify Italy met with failure. What were Mazzini's aims for Italy?

Many factors contributed to the unification of Germany. What did Prussia gain from the Treaty of Prague?

The issue of slavery caused tension in the USA. Describe the actions of John Brown in supporting the abolitionist cause.

Negotiating the Paris peace settlement was a difficult task. Describe the treatment of Turkey in the peace settlement.

The League of Nations faced many difficult situations. Describe the League's reaction to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

Relationships between the Allied powers deteriorated rapidly from 1945. What methods did Stalin use to gain control over Eastern European states by 1948?

Tension between Iraq and Kuwait led to war in 1990. Describe Operation Desert Storm.

Fighting on the Western Front had reached a stalemate by the end of 1914. What happened when Germany invaded Belgium in August 1914?

Germany faced difficulties at home and on the battlefield in 1918. Describe what happened at Kiel and Wilhelmshaven towards the end of 1918.

The Nazi Party tried to win support in a number of ways. What was the SA?

The Nazis used repression to control the German people. What impact did Kristallnacht have on the Jews?

The Bolsheviks seized power in 1917. Who were the Mensheviks?

Stalin's regime brought about far-reaching economic and social change. What was the impact of the first Five-Year Plan on industry?

Some sectors of the US economy grew dramatically in the 1920s. Describe how the motor car industry developed in the 1920s.

The Wall Street Crash had economic causes and political and social consequences. Describe the 1932 election campaign.

The 1950s and 1960s brought many changes to China. What was the Agrarian Reform Law of 1950?

The 1950s and 1960s were characterised by changing international relations. What were the main international issues facing Communist China when the Civil War ended?

There were many attempts to strengthen apartheid over the years. What were Verwoerd's aims in creating Bantustans?

It was difficult to achieve a peaceful transition of power. What was Joe Slovo's role in helping to bring apartheid to an end?

There was much tension between Israel and its neighbours. Describe the role of the USA in the Suez Crisis.

Attempting to reach a peace settlement has been difficult. What was the First Intifada?