IGCSE History (0470) — May–June 2023, Paper 13

There were factors both supporting and opposing Italian unification. Describe the attitude of Pope Pius IX towards the struggle for Italian unification.

Austria played an important role in the unification of Germany. Describe how Austria and Prussia acted together over Schleswig-Holstein in 1864.

The abolition of slavery did not improve the situation of black Americans as much as some people had hoped. What were the Black Codes?

In the early part of the twentieth century there were tensions between many countries. Describe the naval race between Britain and Germany.

There were many different reactions to the peace settlement of 1919–20. Describe the reaction of politicians in the United States to the peace settlement.

Despite many difficulties, the League of Nations had some successes. What methods could the League of Nations use to deal with international disputes?

In the years after the Second World War, the United States and the USSR did not agree about everything. What was agreed at Yalta about the future of Poland?

Soviet control of Eastern Europe came under increasing pressure. Describe moves against Soviet control in Eastern Europe in 1989.

There were several key battles in the First World War. Describe the impact of tanks in the First World War.

The First World War was fought on many fronts. Describe what happened to British and ANZAC troops at Gallipoli in 1915.

The Weimar Republic had successes and failures. Describe cultural developments in Weimar Germany.

Nazi policies affected different groups in German society very differently. Describe Nazi racial theories.

In the period 1905 to 1917 attempts at reform achieved little. Describe the agricultural reforms introduced by Stolypin.

From 1917 the Bolsheviks dominated Russia. What were the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

In the 1920s, old and new ideas clashed in the United States. Describe the impact the motor car had on the lives of Americans in the 1920s.

Roosevelt's New Deals dominated America during the 1930s. Who was Huey Long?

The events of 1934 to 1949 had enormous consequences for China. Describe what happened in the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937.

From 1950 China gradually engaged more with the rest of the world. Describe the relationship between China and India in the 1950s and 1960s.

Little was done between 1966 and 1980 to solve South Africa's problems. What security measures did Vorster introduce after he became prime minister in 1966?

By 1993 there was enough agreement in South Africa to bring white minority rule to an end. What was the Inkatha Freedom Party?

Israel and its Arab neighbours have often been at war. Describe the events leading up to the Six-Day War of 1967.

The number of Palestinian refugees has increased over the years. Describe the use of terrorism by Palestinian organisations in the 1970s.