IGCSE History (0470) — May–June 2023, Paper 12

In 1848 there were revolutions in different parts of Europe. Describe events in France in February 1848.

Developments in Italy were often resisted by Austria. What was agreed between Cavour and Napoleon III at Plombières in 1858?

The issue of slavery caused many problems for the USA. Who was Dred Scott?

There were many factors contributing to the outbreak of war in 1914. What was the Balkan League?

Not everyone was happy at the end of the Paris Peace Conference. What were Wilson's hopes as he arrived in France for the peace negotiations?

During the 1920s the League of Nations did much good work. What was meant by 'collective security'?

From 1945, the United States and the USSR became more suspicious of each other. Describe how the Soviet Union consolidated its hold over Poland from 1945.

During the Cold War US and Soviet leaders had difficult problems to deal with. What were the Paris Peace Accords of 1973?

Many different factors affected the outcome of the First World War. Describe how propaganda was used in Britain during the war.

By 1918 Germany was facing many problems. Describe the main events of the German Revolution of 1918.

Despite the problems it faced, the Weimar Republic had some achievements. Describe the reactions of France and Belgium when Germany failed to pay reparations in 1922.

The Nazis tried to control all parts of German society. What were the Nuremberg Laws of 1935?

Russia faced many problems in the years 1905 to 1917. Describe Russia's economic problems at the beginning of the twentieth century.

After 1929 Stalin dominated the USSR. What was Lenin's Political Testament?

The United States in the 1920s was both an exciting and a frightening place to live in. What were speakeasies?

The Depression affected both the rich and the poor. What was the Banking Crisis of the early 1930s?

The Communists brought about much change in the 1950s. What were 'speak bitterness' meetings?

Mao led China for many years. Describe the results of the Hundred Flowers campaign.

Apartheid was established and firmly enforced by South African governments. What was the Rivonia Trial of 1963–64?

During the years 1966 to 1980 opposition to apartheid continued. What did the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) do to oppose apartheid?

Wars dominated the Middle East in the years 1956 to 1973. Describe Israeli actions in the Suez War of 1956.

Many different groups have had an impact on the relations between Israel and its neighbours. Describe the activities of Hezbollah.