Characteristics and classification of living organisms — IGCSE Biology (0970) questions by topic

Characteristics and classification questions name the genus of a chimpanzee species, sort animals into the correct arthropod groupings, identify life processes such as excretion and respiration shown by a photographed margay, and count how many of four pictured arthropods are actually insects.

State, choose, identify, describe and complete lead 40 real questions worth 1 to 17 marks from 2023 to 2025 papers. Classification questions like these reward knowing the precise defining features of each group, so submitting an answer for instant marking flags exactly which feature, such as leg number or body segmentation, has been misapplied to the wrong group.

May–June 2025, Paper 11

Question 1 · 1 mark

The diagram shows how a seed changes after it is planted in soil and watered. The sequence shows four stages: a dormant seed in the soil, then the seed with a small root (radicle)…

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Question 2 · 1 mark

Which row describes each part of the binominal system name for humans (Homo sapiens)? Homo sapiens --- --- --- A genus kingdom B genus species C species genus D species kingdom

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Question 3 · 1 mark

What are the characteristics of fish? maintain a constant body temperature eggs covered in jelly external ears present scales present --- --- --- --- --- A yes no yes no B yes yes…

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May–June 2025, Paper 12

Question 1 · 1 mark

When a herbivore sees a carnivore, which characteristic of living things is involved? A excretion B growth C reproduction D sensitivity

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Question 2 · 1 mark

Which organism has been named using the binomial system? A Brown seaweed B Polar bear C Red fox D Vulpes vulpes

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Question 3 · 1 mark

Which list contains only arthropods? A amphibians, insects, myriapods B arachnids, crustaceans, myriapods C crustaceans, insects, fish D insects, myriapods, reptiles

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May–June 2025, Paper 21

Question 1 · 1 mark

Which characteristic of living things requires carbon dioxide to diffuse into a leaf? A excretion B movement C nutrition D respiration

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Question 2 · 1 mark

Which set of features is characteristic only of birds? A hair and wings B hard-shelled eggs and feathers C scales and soft-shelled eggs D wings and soft-shelled eggs

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May–June 2025, Paper 22

Question 1 · 1 mark

The photograph shows an animal called a margay. (A photograph shows a margay, a spotted wild cat, resting on a tree branch.) Four processes that occur in the margay are listed. -…

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Question 3 · 1 mark

A single-celled organism has chloroplasts, a cell wall and a nucleus. Which kingdom is this organism placed in? A fungus B plant C prokaryote D protoctist

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May–June 2025, Paper 31

Question 8 · 9 marks

Reproduction is one characteristic of living organisms. State two other characteristics.

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May–June 2025, Paper 32

Question 7 · 14 marks

Fig. 7.1 is a photograph of an Asian elephant, Elephas maximus. [Fig. 7.1: Photograph of an Asian elephant standing in water at the edge of vegetation.] State the genus name for…

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May–June 2024, Paper 11

Question 2 · 1 mark

The photograph shows an elephant hawk-moth. Using the features visible in the photograph, to which group of arthropods does the elephant hawk-moth belong? A arachnids B…

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Question 3 · 1 mark

What does the term species mean? A a group of animals that reproduce asexually B a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring C all the plants that live in…

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May–June 2024, Paper 12

Question 2 · 1 mark

The diagram shows an animal. Use the key to identify the animal. 1 has two wings → go to 2; has four wings → go to 3 2 has antennae much shorter than legs → A; has antennae about…

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Question 3 · 1 mark

Donkeys and zebras are different species. They can breed to produce an animal called a zedonk. Zedonks are not fertile. Which statement is correct? A Zedonks and donkeys are the…

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Question 4 · 1 mark

Crabs are arthropods with 10 jointed legs and two pairs of antennae. To which arthropod class do they belong? A arachnids B crustaceans C insects D myriapods

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May–June 2024, Paper 22

Question 2 · 1 mark

What is the first part of the scientific name of an organism, using the binomial system? A genus B group C kingdom D species

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May–June 2024, Paper 41

Question 1 · 17 marks

Fig. 1.1 is a photograph of a fish. Fig. 1.2 is a photograph of an amphibian. State two visible features that distinguish the fish in Fig. 1.1 from the amphibian in Fig. 1.2.

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May–June 2024, Paper 42

Question 5 · 14 marks

Fig. 5.1 is a photograph of a koala. Koalas are marsupial mammals that give birth to offspring that are incompletely developed. The offspring develops further for several months…

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October–November 2024, Paper 12

Question 3 · 1 mark

The table shows the scientific names and the common names of four plants. scientific name common name --- --- Althaea officinalis marsh mallow Hottonia palustris water violet…

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Question 4 · 1 mark

The diagram shows an arthropod with many body segments and many pairs of legs. Which group does this arthropod belong to?

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October–November 2024, Paper 22

Question 1 · 1 mark

Which organisms carry out respiration, growth, movement and excretion?

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Question 2 · 1 mark

The chimpanzee belongs to the species Pan troglodytes. What is the genus of this species?

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Question 3 · 1 mark

The diagram shows a tree leaf with multiple leaflets arranged along a central stalk, with jagged leaf edges. Use the key to identify the tree species to which the leaf belongs.…

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October–November 2024, Paper 32

Question 4 · 10 marks

A population of a species of fish was accidentally introduced into a lake. State two features that can be used to classify this introduced species as a fish. 1 2

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October–November 2024, Paper 42

Question 1 · 17 marks

Organisms from the genus Chlorella are protoctists. State the additional information required to name Chlorella according to the binomial system.

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May–June 2023, Paper 11

Question 2 · 1 mark

The scientific name for the golden eagle is Aquila chrysaetos. What is the genus of the golden eagle? A Aquila B chrysaetos C eagle D golden

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Question 3 · 1 mark

The diagram shows four arthropods (Pediculus ×20, Anopheles ×10, Dermacentor ×7, Carcinus ×0.5). How many of these arthropods are insects? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

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May–June 2023, Paper 12

Question 2 · 1 mark

Some statements about species are given. 1 Members of a species all look identical. 2 Members of a species belong to the same genus. 3 Members of a species can produce fertile…

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Question 3 · 1 mark

The table shows some features of different animals (wings, hair, scales) for rows A–D, with shaded cells indicating the feature is present. Which animal is a reptile? A B C D

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May–June 2023, Paper 21

Question 2 · 1 mark

The scientific name for the golden eagle is Aquila chrysaetos. What is the genus of the golden eagle? A Aquila B chrysaetos C eagle D golden

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May–June 2023, Paper 22

Question 2 · 1 mark

Some statements about species are given. 1 Members of a species all look identical. 2 Members of a species belong to the same genus. 3 Members of a species can produce fertile…

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May–June 2023, Paper 31

Question 1 · 11 marks

Describe the meaning of the term species.

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May–June 2023, Paper 32

Question 1 · 7 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows a photograph of a pseudoscorpion, with the part labelled A. State two features, visible in Fig. 1.1, that can be used to classify this organism as an arachnid.

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October–November 2023, Paper 12

Question 2 · 1 mark

Using the binomial system, the Arctic fox is called Vulpes lagopus. Which row is correct? Columns: Vulpes; lagopus. A genus; kingdom B genus; species C species; genus D species;…

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Question 3 · 1 mark

The diagrams show four different types of arthropod, each labelled with an arthropod group (crustacean, insect, myriapod, arachnid). Which organism is labelled with its correct…

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October–November 2023, Paper 22

Question 2 · 1 mark

Using the binomial system, the Arctic fox is called Vulpes lagopus. Which row is correct? Columns: Vulpes; lagopus. A genus; kingdom B genus; species C species; genus D species;…

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Question 3 · 1 mark

Which feature is found in viruses? A cell wall B mitochondria C nucleus D protein coat

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October–November 2023, Paper 32

Question 8 · 10 marks

All living organisms can be classified into groups by the features they share. Complete the sentences about classifying organisms. A species is a group of organisms that reproduce…

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