AS & A Level Psychology (9990) — May–June 2025, Paper 22

Explain how the independent variable (IV) was operationalised in the study by Andrade (doodling). [2]

In the study by Hassett et al. (monkey toy preferences), some of the data was displayed on graphs. This included a comparison of time spent playing with different types of toys by…

In the study by Milgram, two types of data were collected to demonstrate obedience. One example of each type was: - voltage reached when the participant refused to continue -…

In a study of learning, animals are taught to drop a small object into a hole. Suggest how 'learning' could be operationalised in this study. [1]

In some studies, scientific equipment is used to measure variables, such as brain activity or eye movements. Suggest two weaknesses of using scientific equipment to measure…

Describe order effects, using any example(s). [6]

Inma is observing one student at a time in the playground, to investigate how often each individual talks to other students. Inma is concerned about two uncontrolled variables: -…

Kong is interviewing people about friendliness. He tells his participants his study is about how they spend their free time. Kong uses two measures of friendliness: - timing the…

Dr Shaw is planning a questionnaire about early childhood memories. There are two techniques for presenting a questionnaire to participants. Identify the two techniques.

Dr Brent works in a busy hospital. There are noises from equipment and people on the wards. He thinks there might be a link between two variables: - how noisy wards are - the…