Mangroves and coastal ecosystems — AS & A Level Marine Science (9693) questions by topic
Mangroves and coastal ecosystems is the largest Marine Science topic on the page at 37 questions from 2023 to 2025 papers, worth 6 to 22 marks, covering delta formation, desalination-plant impact on seagrass, oyster osmoregulation across a salinity gradient, and reading cell magnification from a microscope scale bar.
Explain, suggest, state, describe and calculate lead the command words, with explain requiring a mechanism rather than a labelled observation. Practising here with instant marking is useful precisely because examiners report specific, catchable errors: red mangrove salt-exclusion myths, vague terms like 'strong roots', and imprecise units on salt-mass or water-volume answers that instant feedback would flag at once.
What examiners look for
- Examiners repeatedly found answers gave only economic or only ecological reasons for mangrove importance rather than covering both.
- A recurring criticism is the disproved claim that mangrove leaves store salt and then drop off to remove it.
- Reports note vague adaptation answers such as 'strong roots' or 'can tolerate salt', instead of naming features like prop roots or lenticels.
- Weaker responses gave imprecise units, describing 'amounts' and 'ppt' rather than stating a volume of water and a mass of salt.
- Strong answers described dissolving a known mass of salt in a known volume of water, gave detailed prop-root and lenticel adaptations, and converted survival fractions to percentages correctly.
May–June 2025, Paper 11
Fig. 4.1 shows a diagram of an estuary viewed from above. Fig. 4.2 shows how the salinity changes at location X in the estuary during a 24-hour period. Fig. 4.1 is a map of an…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2025, Paper 12
Fig. 1.1 shows part of a red mangrove tree, Rhizophora mangle. A propagule is labelled in a photograph of leaves and stems hanging over water. Rhizophora mangle reproduces using…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2025, Paper 13
Fig. 1.1 shows a red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). The photograph shows the mangrove tree with numerous arching prop roots (also called stilt roots) descending from the trunk and…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2025, Paper 21
Fig. 4.1 shows a Southern flounder, a species of fish that lives and reproduces in estuaries — a photograph showing a flatfish with mottled brown colouring, lying flat. Scientists…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2025, Paper 31
Mar Menor is the largest coastal lagoon in Spain and is a major tourist destination. There are no rivers entering the lagoon, so the water there is calm, and has a maximum depth…
Answer this question and get it marked →Oysters can grow in a range of salinities from 10 parts per thousand (ppt) in estuaries to 34 ppt in sea water. Fig. 2.1 shows how the concentration of body fluids in oysters…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2025, Paper 42
A student investigated the effect of sucrose concentration on mangrove root cells. Table 4.1 shows the sucrose concentration, percentage change in mass of root sections and turgor…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2025, Paper 43
A student investigated the effect of sucrose concentration on mangrove root cells. Table 4.1 shows the sucrose concentration, percentage change in mass of root sections and turgor…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2024, Paper 32
Seagrasses have a global distribution. Seagrass beds are highly productive and economically valuable habitats. (i) Explain why seagrass beds are highly productive. [3] (ii)…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2024, Paper 33
Seagrasses have a global distribution. Seagrass beds are highly productive and economically valuable habitats. (i) Explain why seagrass beds are highly productive. [3] (ii)…
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2024, Paper 11
Manatees are large marine mammals that feed on seagrass in Florida. Fig. 3.1 shows a seagrass plant. Label four features of the seagrass plant shown in Fig. 3.1.
Answer this question and get it marked →Mangrove forests grow in tropical and subtropical coastal areas where there is an estuary. Explain how sediment is formed and deposited in estuaries where mangroves grow.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2024, Paper 12
Manatees are large marine mammals that feed on seagrass in Florida. Fig. 3.1 shows a seagrass plant. Label four features of the seagrass plant shown in Fig. 3.1.
Answer this question and get it marked →Mangrove forests grow in tropical and subtropical coastal areas where there is an estuary. Explain how sediment is formed and deposited in estuaries where mangroves grow.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2024, Paper 13
Manatees are large marine mammals that feed on seagrass in Florida. Fig. 3.1 shows a seagrass plant. Label four features of the seagrass plant shown in Fig. 3.1.
Answer this question and get it marked →Mangrove forests grow in tropical and subtropical coastal areas where there is an estuary. Explain how sediment is formed and deposited in estuaries where mangroves grow.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2024, Paper 31
Fig. 1.1 shows a cell from a mangrove leaf, as seen under a microscope. A scale bar of 4 μm is shown. Circle the correct magnification used to draw this cell. ×500 ×2000 ×5000 ×10…
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2024, Paper 32
Fig. 1.1 shows a cell from a mangrove leaf, as seen under a microscope. A scale bar of 4 μm is shown. Circle the correct magnification used to draw this cell. ×500 ×2000 ×5000 ×10…
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2024, Paper 33
Fig. 1.1 shows a cell from a mangrove leaf, as seen under a microscope. A scale bar of 4 μm is shown. Circle the correct magnification used to draw this cell. ×500 ×2000 ×5000 ×10…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2023, Paper 12
Mangrove forests grow on the shores of many tropical and subtropical countries. Discuss the ecological and economic importance of mangrove forests.
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2023, Paper 13
Mangrove forests grow on the shores of many tropical and subtropical countries. Discuss the ecological and economic importance of mangrove forests.
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2023, Paper 21
Mangrove forests are globally threatened ecosystems. Describe one adaptation of the red mangrove tree (Rhizophora mangle) for its environment.
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2023, Paper 31
New River estuary in South Island, New Zealand, is a shallow tidal lagoon. The estuary has a wide range of wetland habitats, including extensive mudflats, saltmarsh and seagrass.…
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2023, Paper 32
The delta of the Mekong river covers an area of 40 000 hectares in south eastern Vietnam. Describe how a delta is formed.
Answer this question and get it marked →May–June 2023, Paper 33
Fig. 2.1 shows the Mekong delta in Vietnam, where shrimp and rice are farmed. The shrimp are farmed in ponds close to the sea. Suggest how a delta is formed.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2023, Paper 21
October–November 2023, Paper 22
Mangrove forests are important ecosystems. Explain the term ecosystem.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2023, Paper 23
Mangrove forests are important ecosystems. Explain the term ecosystem.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2023, Paper 31
Fig. 1.1 shows a generalised animal cell. Complete Table 1.1 to match each organelle to its function. Use only the letters shown in Fig. 1.1.
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2023, Paper 32
Fig. 1.1 shows an animal cell from a marine organism as seen under an electron microscope. Use Fig. 1.1 to complete Table 1.1 by matching the function of each structure with the…
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2023, Paper 33
Fig. 1.1 shows an animal cell from a marine organism as seen under an electron microscope. Use Fig. 1.1 to complete Table 1.1 by matching the function of each structure with the…
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2023, Paper 41
Desalination plants are industrial factories that produce fresh water from sea water. Desalination plants are thought to be harmful to seagrass beds due to the release of highly…
Answer this question and get it marked →Mangrove forests are areas of environmental importance. Replanting mangroves has been suggested as a method to increase the biodiversity of the areas they are grown in. Fig. 4.1…
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2023, Paper 42
Desalination plants are industrial factories that produce fresh water from sea water. Desalination plants are thought to be harmful to seagrass beds due to the release of highly…
Answer this question and get it marked →Mangrove forests are areas of environmental importance. Replanting mangroves has been suggested as a method to increase the biodiversity of the areas they are grown in. Fig. 4.1…
Answer this question and get it marked →October–November 2023, Paper 43
Desalination plants are industrial factories that produce fresh water from sea water. Desalination plants are thought to be harmful to seagrass beds due to the release of highly…
Answer this question and get it marked →Mangrove forests are areas of environmental importance. Replanting mangroves has been suggested as a method to increase the biodiversity of the areas they are grown in. Fig. 4.1…
Answer this question and get it marked →Other AS & A Level Marine Science topics
- Marine organisms and physiology (58)
- Water and physical oceanography (43)
- Marine ecosystems and energy flow (36)
- Investigative skills (28)
- Fisheries and mariculture (26)
- Aquaculture (21)
- Human impacts and pollution (16)
- Classification and biodiversity (14)
- Coral reefs (14)
- Earth structure and plate tectonics (12)
- Conservation and management (11)