Mangroves and coastal ecosystems — AS & A Level Marine Science (9693) questions by topic

Mangroves and coastal ecosystems is the largest Marine Science topic on the page at 37 questions from 2023 to 2025 papers, worth 6 to 22 marks, covering delta formation, desalination-plant impact on seagrass, oyster osmoregulation across a salinity gradient, and reading cell magnification from a microscope scale bar.

Explain, suggest, state, describe and calculate lead the command words, with explain requiring a mechanism rather than a labelled observation. Practising here with instant marking is useful precisely because examiners report specific, catchable errors: red mangrove salt-exclusion myths, vague terms like 'strong roots', and imprecise units on salt-mass or water-volume answers that instant feedback would flag at once.

What examiners look for

May–June 2025, Paper 11

Question 4 · 9 marks

Fig. 4.1 shows a diagram of an estuary viewed from above. Fig. 4.2 shows how the salinity changes at location X in the estuary during a 24-hour period. Fig. 4.1 is a map of an…

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May–June 2025, Paper 12

Question 1 · 10 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows part of a red mangrove tree, Rhizophora mangle. A propagule is labelled in a photograph of leaves and stems hanging over water. Rhizophora mangle reproduces using…

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May–June 2025, Paper 13

Question 1 · 7 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows a red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). The photograph shows the mangrove tree with numerous arching prop roots (also called stilt roots) descending from the trunk and…

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May–June 2025, Paper 21

Question 4 · 14 marks

Fig. 4.1 shows a Southern flounder, a species of fish that lives and reproduces in estuaries — a photograph showing a flatfish with mottled brown colouring, lying flat. Scientists…

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May–June 2025, Paper 31

Question 1 · 16 marks

Mar Menor is the largest coastal lagoon in Spain and is a major tourist destination. There are no rivers entering the lagoon, so the water there is calm, and has a maximum depth…

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Question 2 · 6 marks

Oysters can grow in a range of salinities from 10 parts per thousand (ppt) in estuaries to 34 ppt in sea water. Fig. 2.1 shows how the concentration of body fluids in oysters…

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May–June 2025, Paper 42

Question 4 · 15 marks

A student investigated the effect of sucrose concentration on mangrove root cells. Table 4.1 shows the sucrose concentration, percentage change in mass of root sections and turgor…

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May–June 2025, Paper 43

Question 4 · 15 marks

A student investigated the effect of sucrose concentration on mangrove root cells. Table 4.1 shows the sucrose concentration, percentage change in mass of root sections and turgor…

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May–June 2024, Paper 32

Question 4 · 13 marks

Seagrasses have a global distribution. Seagrass beds are highly productive and economically valuable habitats. (i) Explain why seagrass beds are highly productive. [3] (ii)…

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May–June 2024, Paper 33

Question 4 · 13 marks

Seagrasses have a global distribution. Seagrass beds are highly productive and economically valuable habitats. (i) Explain why seagrass beds are highly productive. [3] (ii)…

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October–November 2024, Paper 11

Question 3 · 10 marks

Manatees are large marine mammals that feed on seagrass in Florida. Fig. 3.1 shows a seagrass plant. Label four features of the seagrass plant shown in Fig. 3.1.

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Question 5 · 12 marks

Mangrove forests grow in tropical and subtropical coastal areas where there is an estuary. Explain how sediment is formed and deposited in estuaries where mangroves grow.

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October–November 2024, Paper 12

Question 3 · 10 marks

Manatees are large marine mammals that feed on seagrass in Florida. Fig. 3.1 shows a seagrass plant. Label four features of the seagrass plant shown in Fig. 3.1.

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Question 5 · 12 marks

Mangrove forests grow in tropical and subtropical coastal areas where there is an estuary. Explain how sediment is formed and deposited in estuaries where mangroves grow.

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October–November 2024, Paper 13

Question 3 · 10 marks

Manatees are large marine mammals that feed on seagrass in Florida. Fig. 3.1 shows a seagrass plant. Label four features of the seagrass plant shown in Fig. 3.1.

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Question 5 · 12 marks

Mangrove forests grow in tropical and subtropical coastal areas where there is an estuary. Explain how sediment is formed and deposited in estuaries where mangroves grow.

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October–November 2024, Paper 31

Question 1 · 9 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows a cell from a mangrove leaf, as seen under a microscope. A scale bar of 4 μm is shown. Circle the correct magnification used to draw this cell. ×500 ×2000 ×5000 ×10…

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October–November 2024, Paper 32

Question 1 · 9 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows a cell from a mangrove leaf, as seen under a microscope. A scale bar of 4 μm is shown. Circle the correct magnification used to draw this cell. ×500 ×2000 ×5000 ×10…

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October–November 2024, Paper 33

Question 1 · 9 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows a cell from a mangrove leaf, as seen under a microscope. A scale bar of 4 μm is shown. Circle the correct magnification used to draw this cell. ×500 ×2000 ×5000 ×10…

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May–June 2023, Paper 12

Question 5 · 15 marks

Mangrove forests grow on the shores of many tropical and subtropical countries. Discuss the ecological and economic importance of mangrove forests.

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May–June 2023, Paper 13

Question 5 · 15 marks

Mangrove forests grow on the shores of many tropical and subtropical countries. Discuss the ecological and economic importance of mangrove forests.

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May–June 2023, Paper 21

Question 3 · 16 marks

Mangrove forests are globally threatened ecosystems. Describe one adaptation of the red mangrove tree (Rhizophora mangle) for its environment.

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May–June 2023, Paper 31

Question 1 · 15 marks

New River estuary in South Island, New Zealand, is a shallow tidal lagoon. The estuary has a wide range of wetland habitats, including extensive mudflats, saltmarsh and seagrass.…

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May–June 2023, Paper 32

Question 2 · 12 marks

The delta of the Mekong river covers an area of 40 000 hectares in south eastern Vietnam. Describe how a delta is formed.

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May–June 2023, Paper 33

Question 2 · 12 marks

Fig. 2.1 shows the Mekong delta in Vietnam, where shrimp and rice are farmed. The shrimp are farmed in ponds close to the sea. Suggest how a delta is formed.

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October–November 2023, Paper 21

Question 1 · 22 marks

Define the term ecosystem.

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October–November 2023, Paper 22

Question 1 · 22 marks

Mangrove forests are important ecosystems. Explain the term ecosystem.

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October–November 2023, Paper 23

Question 1 · 22 marks

Mangrove forests are important ecosystems. Explain the term ecosystem.

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October–November 2023, Paper 31

Question 1 · 8 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows a generalised animal cell. Complete Table 1.1 to match each organelle to its function. Use only the letters shown in Fig. 1.1.

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October–November 2023, Paper 32

Question 1 · 8 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows an animal cell from a marine organism as seen under an electron microscope. Use Fig. 1.1 to complete Table 1.1 by matching the function of each structure with the…

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October–November 2023, Paper 33

Question 1 · 8 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows an animal cell from a marine organism as seen under an electron microscope. Use Fig. 1.1 to complete Table 1.1 by matching the function of each structure with the…

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October–November 2023, Paper 41

Question 1 · 14 marks

Desalination plants are industrial factories that produce fresh water from sea water. Desalination plants are thought to be harmful to seagrass beds due to the release of highly…

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Question 4 · 16 marks

Mangrove forests are areas of environmental importance. Replanting mangroves has been suggested as a method to increase the biodiversity of the areas they are grown in. Fig. 4.1…

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October–November 2023, Paper 42

Question 1 · 14 marks

Desalination plants are industrial factories that produce fresh water from sea water. Desalination plants are thought to be harmful to seagrass beds due to the release of highly…

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Question 4 · 16 marks

Mangrove forests are areas of environmental importance. Replanting mangroves has been suggested as a method to increase the biodiversity of the areas they are grown in. Fig. 4.1…

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October–November 2023, Paper 43

Question 1 · 14 marks

Desalination plants are industrial factories that produce fresh water from sea water. Desalination plants are thought to be harmful to seagrass beds due to the release of highly…

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Question 4 · 16 marks

Mangrove forests are areas of environmental importance. Replanting mangroves has been suggested as a method to increase the biodiversity of the areas they are grown in. Fig. 4.1…

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