Marine ecosystems and energy flow — AS & A Level Marine Science (9693) questions by topic

Fig. 2.1 shows kelp, a macroalga. Structure A is labelled at the base of the kelp where it attaches to the substrate. State the name and suggest the function of the part labelled…

Primary productivity was continuously measured in two parts of an ocean in the southern hemisphere for a year. Fig. 5.1 shows the results. Fig. 5.1 is a line graph showing primary…

Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts. Explain how chloroplast structure is related to this function.

Hydrothermal vents are found on the ocean floor at depths of approximately 2000 m. Describe the conditions at hydrothermal vents AND the ecosystems that hydrothermal vents support.

Hydrothermal vents are found on the ocean floor at depths of approximately 2000 m. Describe the conditions at hydrothermal vents AND the ecosystems that hydrothermal vents support.

Describe how weathering and erosion give rise to the morphology of a rocky shore.

Exposure time in air, dissolved oxygen concentration and competition are factors affecting the distribution and abundance of organisms in the different zones on a rocky shore.…

Fig. 2.1 shows a rocky shore. The rocks in Fig. 2.1 have been weathered. Draw one line from each type of weathering to its description. Types of weathering: chemical, organic,…

Copepods are small crustaceans that form part of the plankton in the oceans. Define the term plankton.

Fig. 2.1 shows a rocky shore. The rocks in Fig. 2.1 have been weathered. Draw one line from each type of weathering to its description. Types of weathering: chemical, organic,…

Copepods are small crustaceans that form part of the plankton in the oceans. Define the term plankton.

A student investigated photosynthesis in three species of macroalga, P, Q and R. All three species can be found in the littoral zone of a rocky shore. Define the term littoral…

Describe the light-dependent stage in photosynthesis.

Describe the light-dependent stage in photosynthesis.

Riftia pachyptila is a tubeworm found at hydrothermal vents. It has no digestive system and relies entirely on bacteria called Endoriftia for nutrition. Outline how Endoriftia…

Scientists investigated food webs in the open ocean. Organisms were captured, and their trophic level was identified. The total biomass of organisms at each trophic level was then…

Scientists investigated food webs in the open ocean. Organisms were captured, and their trophic level was identified. The total biomass of organisms at each trophic level was then…

Scientists investigated food webs in the open ocean. Organisms were captured, and their trophic level was identified. The total biomass of organisms at each trophic level was then…

All living organisms carry out gaseous exchange. State the importance of gaseous exchange in living organisms.

Microscopic algae are found in many marine environments. Discuss the importance of microscopic algae in marine environments.

All living organisms carry out gaseous exchange. State the importance of gaseous exchange in living organisms.

Microscopic algae are found in many marine environments. Discuss the importance of microscopic algae in marine environments.

All living organisms carry out gaseous exchange. State the importance of gaseous exchange in living organisms.

Microscopic algae are found in many marine environments. Discuss the importance of microscopic algae in marine environments.

Fig. 3.1 shows an exposed rocky shore (a photograph of a rocky headland with cliffs meeting the sea). Explain how two named types of weathering have affected the shoreline in Fig.…

Explain how and suggest why adaptations of littoral zone organisms differ between rocky shores and sandy shores.

Explain how biotic and abiotic factors affect the dissolved oxygen concentration in the open ocean.

Manta rays live in a close relationship with remora fish. Describe the relationship between manta rays and remora fish.

Describe the carbon cycle in a marine ecosystem.

Species from the open ocean and organisms living on coral reefs have different types of niche. Explain the meaning of the term niche using examples from coral reefs and the open…

Manta rays live in a close relationship with remora fish. Describe the relationship between manta rays and remora fish.

Describe the carbon cycle in a marine ecosystem.

Species from the open ocean and organisms living on coral reefs have different types of niche. Explain the meaning of the term niche using examples from coral reefs and the open…

Sandy shore ecosystems often have low biodiversity. Scientists investigated abiotic factors that affect biodiversity on sandy shores. State the meaning of the term abiotic factor.

Nitrates are an important source of nitrogen. State the importance of nitrogen for marine organisms.

Fig. 4.1 shows a boxer crab with two anemones attached to its front claws. Boxer crabs and anemones show a mutualistic relationship. Explain why this relationship is an example of…