AS & A Level Marine Science (9693) — May–June 2023, Paper 31

7 questions · every question answerable online with instant point-by-point AI marking against the official mark scheme.

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Question 1 · 15 marks · Estuaries and salt marshes

New River estuary in South Island, New Zealand, is a shallow tidal lagoon. The estuary has a wide range of wetland habitats, including extensive mudflats, saltmarsh and seagrass.…

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Question 2 · 10 marks · Marine organisms

Greenland sharks can live for over 200 years and are found in the almost freezing waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Most sharks, such as the blue shark, live in…

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Question 3 · 8 marks · Conservation of marine ecosystems

The United Nations achieved its aim of 10% of oceans on Earth becoming protected areas by 2020. Creating marine protected areas (MPAs) and placing endangered species on the IUCN…

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Question 4 · 12 marks · Fisheries and mariculture

Sandeels in the North Sea are an important food source for many predators including fish, marine mammals and seabirds. Sandeels are a short-lived species which swim in large…

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Question 5 · 10 marks · Marine organisms

Compare gaseous exchange in coral polyps and in tuna.

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Question 6 · 13 marks · Ocean currents

Describe how ocean currents form.

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Question 7 · 7 marks · Marine organisms

Describe how ions such as sodium pass through the cell membrane.

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