The law of contract — AS & A Level Law (9084) questions by topic

Bilal owns a shop. One of his suppliers, ABC, writes to him offering to sell 200 jars of coffee at a reduced price of £400. Bilal replies immediately, by post, agreeing to buy the…

XY Ltd (XYL) is hosting a festival. Tickets cost £10 per person. There will be various activities for families to enjoy throughout the day, including live music and entertainment…

The common law controls on exclusion clauses provide fairness for both parties. Assess the validity of this statement. [25]

Assess whether the rules governing existing duties ensure that a consistent approach is taken when identifying valid consideration in an agreement. [25]

Assess the extent to which innominate terms are effective in determining the outcome of a breach of term. [25]

Graham runs a bakery business. He contracts with ABL to supply his bakery goods to a local café. After three months, ABL terminates the contract early and without any…

Ben used to work for George. George promised to pay Ben a bonus when he retired. Ben retired and George paid him a bonus of £500. Ben then started working for Mary. After two…

Assess the extent to which the statutory controls provided in the Consumer Rights Act 2015 protect consumers when purchasing goods. [25]

Assess the extent to which the rules on discharge by performance ensure that both parties to a contract fulfil their contractual obligations. [25]

Discuss the extent to which the rules on intention to create legal relations are applied consistently by the courts. [25]

Bilal owns a shop. One of his suppliers, ABC, writes to him offering to sell 200 jars of coffee at a reduced price of £400. Bilal replies immediately, by post, agreeing to buy the…

XY Ltd (XYL) is hosting a festival. Tickets cost £10 per person. There will be various activities for families to enjoy throughout the day, including live music and entertainment…

The common law controls on exclusion clauses provide fairness for both parties. Assess the validity of this statement. [25]

Assess whether the rules governing existing duties ensure that a consistent approach is taken when identifying valid consideration in an agreement. [25]

Assess the extent to which innominate terms are effective in determining the outcome of a breach of term. [25]

Tina is a painter and decorator. She contracts with Gladshire Council to complete the following jobs: - Paint four offices by 31 May. Tina will be paid £200 per office. - Replace…

The rules on capacity to contract protect minors from those who might seek to take advantage of them. Assess the extent to which these rules are too restrictive in modern society.

The terms implied by the Consumer Rights Act 2015 provide consumers with adequate protection. Assess the validity of this statement.

Assess the extent to which the different rules for communicating acceptance of an offer result in uncertainty.

Jada, aged 17, gains employment as an apprentice plumber with XY Plumbers. Jada's contract of employment states that she is to be paid £100 per week and is to work Monday to…

On 1 June Euan phones Daniel offering to sell him a gold coin for £10 000. Daniel says that he will need to think about the offer. Euan agrees to keep the offer open until 16:00…

Traditionally, the remedy for the breach of a contractual term has been determined according to the status of the term when the contract was made. Assess the extent to which…

Discuss the extent to which the performance of an existing duty will amount to valuable consideration.

The limits on the doctrine of frustration are in place to stop parties from avoiding contractual obligations. Assess the validity of this statement.

Oliver, aged 20, purchases a ticket from AB Tickets to watch his favourite ice hockey team play in a cup final at a stadium in London. Oliver lives a long way from London and pays…

Tara is employed as a law teacher at a college. Her contract requires her to teach and produce student workbooks. The college asks Tara to produce two practice examination papers…

Exemption clauses are imposed upon consumers without negotiation. Assess the extent to which the consumer is adequately protected against these clauses.

Leo is opening a coffee shop and has made the following contracts: - Taylor is to train the new staff, starting five days before the coffee shop opens. - Anika is to supply 15…

Viktor goes to an electronics store, XY Ltd (XYL), to buy a computer and an e-reader. He speaks to Helena, an in-store electronics specialist. He makes it clear that he requires:…

The point at which an offer ends is uncertain. Assess the validity of this view. [25]

Assess the extent to which the limited use of the remedy of specific performance prevents justice from being achieved. [25]

The common law distinction between representations and terms is vital but frequently unclear. Evaluate the factors considered when deciding whether a pre-contractual statement is…

Leo is opening a coffee shop and has made the following contracts: - Taylor is to train the new staff, starting five days before the coffee shop opens. - Anika is to supply 15…

Viktor goes to an electronics store, XY Ltd (XYL), to buy a computer and an e-reader. He speaks to Helena, an in-store electronics specialist. He makes it clear that he requires:…

The point at which an offer ends is uncertain. Assess the validity of this view. [25]

Assess the extent to which the limited use of the remedy of specific performance prevents justice from being achieved. [25]

The common law distinction between representations and terms is vital but frequently unclear. Evaluate the factors considered when deciding whether a pre-contractual statement is…

Elsie rents a house and its garden from her brother, Fred. The garden is very overgrown so Fred asks Elsie, who is a professional gardener, to tidy it. They agree that she will be…

Musa owns a garage business that services and repairs cars. Much of the work requires the use of a ramp to lift the cars high enough for him to work underneath them. One day, the…

The distinction between a bilateral offer, a unilateral offer and an invitation to treat is not always clear to the parties, but is of vital importance to the process of…

For a contract to be discharged, the general rule is that performance must entirely and exactly match what the party agreed to do. Discuss to what extent the potential for…

Assess to what extent the use of innominate terms has allowed the courts to balance the needs of certainty and justice when required to classify the status of a term. [25]

Asif buys an office building and he enters into the following contracts. He contracts with Bilal to supply and install new windows. Bilal buys all the windows needed and stores…

Zoe is a hairdresser who has just celebrated her 17th birthday. She wants to open her own salon and so leases premises for a period of three years. Zoe also takes out a loan for…

Assess the extent to which equitable remedies in contract law achieve justice. [25]

Acceptance must always be communicated to the offeror for a contract to come into existence. Assess to what extent this statement is true. [25]

Assess whether the requirement of an intention to create legal relations in the formation of valid contracts is justified. [25]

Razia decides to park her car in a car park that she regularly uses. At the entrance to the car park, there is a large sign which clearly states: 'No liability is accepted by XYZ…

Len is planning an auction sale (to sell items on behalf of many owners) and distributes catalogues to advertise it. Mike, Neil and Paula all receive copies and decide to bid for…

Henry wants to sell his car. Ian knows this and so writes to Henry on the 23 May offering to buy it. The letter reads: 'I will give you £4000 for the car and no more. If I hear…

Amy and her family plan to visit Melchester-on-Sea for its annual sailing festival. On 1 March, Amy books a room at Ben's hotel for the night of 1 August. She immediately sends…

Justify the view that contract law places limits on the recovery of damages in order to keep liability within acceptable boundaries. [25]

Analyse to what extent the potential for injustice caused by the rule in Pinnel's Case has been mitigated by the doctrine of promissory estoppel. [25]

Assess whether the controls on exemption clauses are an unjustifiable interference with the principle of freedom of contract. [25]

Henry wants to sell his car. Ian knows this and so writes to Henry on the 23 May offering to buy it. The letter reads: 'I will give you £4000 for the car and no more. If I hear…

Amy and her family plan to visit Melchester-on-Sea for its annual sailing festival. On 1 March, Amy books a room at Ben's hotel for the night of 1 August. She immediately sends…

Justify the view that contract law places limits on the recovery of damages in order to keep liability within acceptable boundaries. [25]

Analyse to what extent the potential for injustice caused by the rule in Pinnel's Case has been mitigated by the doctrine of promissory estoppel. [25]

Assess whether the controls on exemption clauses are an unjustifiable interference with the principle of freedom of contract. [25]