AS & A Level History (9489) — October–November 2023, Paper 41

Assess the extent to which Mussolini’s regime received popular support. [30]

‘It was the failings of Stalin’s rivals that best explain his rise to power by 1929.’ Discuss this view. [30]

‘Terror was the most important factor in maintaining Nazi control of Germany in the period 1933–39.’ Discuss. [30]

Evaluate the extent to which social welfare policies improved the lives of the British people in the period 1919–39. [30]

Analyse how far Eisenhower’s domestic policies met the needs of the American people. [30]

‘The ‘imperial presidency’ no longer existed in the 1970s.’ Evaluate this claim. [30]

‘Economic policy in the 1980s had only a limited effect on living standards.’ Discuss. [30]

‘Changing policies towards Vietnam between 1963 and 1979 are best explained by shifts in US public opinion.’ Discuss this view. [30]

‘Khrushchev’s policy of peaceful coexistence had little effect on US–Soviet relations.’ Evaluate this view. [30]

Assess the impact of the Vietnam War on Sino-US relations during the Cold War. [30]

Evaluate the nature and extent of UN peacekeeping in Africa. [30]

‘Golda Meir mismanaged the Arab-Israeli conflict.’ Discuss this view. [30]