AS & A Level Geography (9696) — May–June 2025, Paper 32

Fig. 1.1 is a photograph which shows vegetation in a seasonally humid tropical (savanna) ecosystem in Botswana, Africa. Describe four characteristics of the vegetation shown in…

'The characteristics of the humid tropical climate are mainly caused by the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ).' How far do you agree with this statement? [20]

Assess the relative importance of the factors influencing tropical soil formation. [20]

Fig. 4.1 shows beach volume changes along the coastline in Netarts Bay, Oregon, USA, 1997–99. Describe the pattern of beach volume changes shown in Fig. 4.1.

To what extent are erosional landforms influenced by sub-aerial processes in coastal environments? [20]

Discuss the extent to which pollution can be regarded as the greatest threat to coral reefs. [20]

Fig. 7.1 shows the Typhoon Haiyan storm surge, San Pedro Bay, Philippines, 2013. Describe the variations in the height of the storm surge shown in Fig. 7.1.

'Soil liquefaction is the most significant hazard resulting from earthquakes.' How far do you agree with this view? [20]

Assess the effectiveness of different ways of managing hazards resulting from atmospheric disturbances. [20]

Fig. 10.1 is a climate graph for Lajamanu, Northern Territory, Australia. Describe the climate of Lajamanu shown in Fig. 10.1.

Assess the influence of water action on the formation of landforms in hot arid and semi-arid environments. [20]

Using a case study of either a hot arid environment or a semi-arid environment, evaluate solutions to the problems of sustainable management. [20]