AS & A Level Chemistry (9701) — May–June 2025, Paper 44

8 questions · every question answerable online with instant point-by-point AI marking against the official mark scheme.

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Question 1 · 20 marks · Group 2: thermal stability of carbonates, polarising power

Group 2 carbonates decompose on heating. (i) State and explain the trend in the thermal stability of Group 2 carbonates as the group is descended. (ii) Write the equation for the…

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Question 2 · 14 marks · Entropy, free energy: ΔS calculation, ΔG = ΔH − TΔS, feasibility

Nitrogen triiodide, NI3, decomposes explosively. 2NI3(s) → N2(g) + 3I2(g) (i) Describe the observation when NI3 is heated. (ii) Define the term entropy. (iii) Explain why the…

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Question 3 · 16 marks · Equilibria: Ksp expression, solubility calculations

Nickel iodate, Ni(IO3)2, is a sparingly soluble salt. (i) Write an expression for Ksp of Ni(IO3)2. State the units of Ksp. (ii) The solubility of Ni(IO3)2 is 2.30×10⁻² mol dm⁻³.…

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Question 4 · 9 marks · Polymers: types of polymerisation, polyamide, addition polymer, polyester

Three polymers X, Y and Z are made from the following monomers. Monomer for X: H₂N(CH₂)₅CO₂H Monomer for Y: CH₂=CHCO₂CH₃ Monomers for Z: CH₃CH(OH)CO₂H (a) For each polymer, state…

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Question 5 · 10 marks · Organic synthesis: hydrolysis, hydrogen bonding, chirality, optical isomerism in drugs

Atorvastatin is a drug with the molecular formula C₃₃H₃₅FN₂O₅. Its structure includes an amide group, two OH groups, an NH group, an alkene, and a fluorine-substituted aromatic…

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Question 6 · 15 marks · Organic analysis: chemical tests for functional groups, alcohols, carboxylic acids, carbonyls, alkenes

Lavandulol (compound A, C₁₀H₁₈O) is a natural product found in lavender. It contains an alcohol group and two carbon–carbon double bonds. Compound A undergoes a series of…

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Question 7 · 11 marks · Carboxylic acids and phenols: relative acidity, inductive effect, delocalisation

Benzoic acid, phenol and ethanol are three organic compounds. State and explain their relative acidities. Write equations to support your answer.

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Question 8 · 9 marks · Lattice energy: definitions of lattice energy and enthalpy of solution

(i) Define the term lattice energy. (ii) Define the term standard enthalpy change of solution, ΔHsol⦵.

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