AS & A Level Chemistry (9701) — May–June 2025, Paper 14

40 questions · every question answerable online with instant point-by-point AI marking against the official mark scheme.

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Question 1 · 1 mark · Atomic structure: ionisation energies

The diagram shows the logarithm of the first 13 ionisation energies of an element. The graph shows a large jump between electrons 2 and 3. Which statement is correct? A A proton…

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Question 2 · 1 mark · Introductory organic chemistry

What is the empirical formula of butanoic acid? A C2H4O B C3H6O C C4H8O D C5H10O

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Question 3 · 1 mark · Chemical bonding: shapes of molecules

In which pair is the bond angle in the first species smaller than the smallest bond angle in the second species? A CH4 and SF6 B CO2 and BF3 C H2O and H3O^+ D NH4^+ and NH3

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Question 4 · 1 mark · Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry: ideal gases

Two glass vessels, M and N, are connected by a closed valve. M contains helium at 20 °C at a pressure of 1 × 10^5 Pa. N has been evacuated, and has three times the volume of M.…

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Question 5 · 1 mark · Energetics: bond enthalpies

Solid sulfur consists of molecules made up of eight atoms covalently bonded together. The bonding in sulfur dioxide is O=S=O. enthalpy change of combustion of S8, ΔHc°S8(s) =…

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Question 6 · 1 mark · Redox and electron transfer

In this question, the average oxidation state of sulfur in S2O3^2- and sulfur in S2O4^2- should be used. In which reaction does the underlined element have the largest increase in…

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Question 7 · 1 mark · Equilibria

Methanol, CH3OH, is made industrially from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the equilibrium reaction shown. CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) ΔH = –100 kJ mol^-1 Which statement about this…

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Question 8 · 1 mark · Reaction kinetics

The distribution of molecular energies in an ideal gas can be represented in a Boltzmann distribution. Which change in conditions leads to a larger value for the number of…

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Question 9 · 1 mark · Atomic structure

Which graph represents the number of unpaired electrons in the atoms of six elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table (proton numbers 13–18)? A Monotonically increasing B…

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Question 10 · 1 mark · Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry

A 69.0 g sample of nitrogen dioxide is placed in a reaction vessel. The initial pressure of the nitrogen dioxide is P. An effective catalyst is then added and the nitrogen dioxide…

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Question 11 · 1 mark · Chemical bonding: shapes of molecules

Which statement about the molecule PF5 is correct? A Every F–P–F bond angle is 90°. B The central atom in the molecule does not have a lone pair of electrons. C The molecule has…

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Question 12 · 1 mark · Chemical bonding

Which solid compound has both ionic and covalent bonding but not coordinate bonding? A Al2Cl6 B CH3COONa C MgCl2 D NH4Cl

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Question 13 · 1 mark · Energetics: enthalpy changes

Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of formation, ΔHf°, for ethanol? A 2C(s) + 2½H2(g) + ½O2(g) → C2H5OH(g) B 2C(s) + 2½H2(g) + ½O2(g) → C2H5OH(l) C 2C(s) +…

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Question 14 · 1 mark · Redox and electron transfer

When K2MnO4 reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid, the products include chlorine molecules and MnCl2. All of the manganese atoms are reduced to MnCl2. Both Mn and Cl change…

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Question 15 · 1 mark · Equilibria

A nitrogen–hydrogen mixture, initially in the mole ratio of 1:3, reaches equilibrium with ammonia when 50% of the nitrogen has reacted. The total final pressure is p. N2 + 3H2 ⇌…

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Question 16 · 1 mark · Reaction kinetics

Propyl methanoate is hydrolysed with NaOH(aq) at 20 °C to form two products, X and Y. Product X is an alcohol. Data from the experiment is shown (table of time/s vs [X]/mol…

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Question 17 · 1 mark · Chemical bonding

The table shows the numbers of bond pairs and lone pairs in four different species. Which row is correct? A nitrogen molecule: 3 bond pairs, 1 lone pair B ammonia molecule: 4 bond…

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Question 18 · 1 mark · Chemistry of the elements: Group 17

Which row is correct? A AgI dissolves in aqueous ammonia more readily than AgCl does — AgI reacts with aqueous ammonia B HCl decomposes more readily than HI does — Cl is more…

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Question 19 · 1 mark · Chemistry of the elements: Group 2

Substance J reacts with water. A gas is given off and the pH of the solution increases. The solution is then reacted with sulfuric acid and a white precipitate forms. What could…

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Question 20 · 1 mark · Chemistry of the elements: nitrogen and sulfur

Compound L has empirical formula NH. It decomposes on gentle heating to produce ammonia and compound M only. An aqueous solution of compound L is a good conductor of electricity.…

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Question 21 · 1 mark · Chemistry of the elements: Period 3

X, Y and Z are elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. The results of some experiments carried out with compounds of these elements are shown. Element X: oxide + H2O → no…

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Question 22 · 1 mark · Chemistry of the elements: Group 2

The flow diagram shows two successive reactions starting from element Q. Element Q is either calcium or barium. Element Q forms a nitrate that is less thermally stable than…

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Question 23 · 1 mark · Chemistry of the elements: Group 17

Which anions are formed when chlorine is passed into cold aqueous potassium hydroxide? A Cl^- and ClO^- B Cl^- and ClO3^- C Cl^- and ClO4^- D ClO^- and ClO3^-

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Question 24 · 1 mark · Chemistry of the elements: Period 3

What increases for each successive element in Period 3 from sodium to sulfur? A the highest oxidation number of the element seen in an oxide B the melting point of the elements C…

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Question 25 · 1 mark · Chemical bonding: shapes of molecules

Which statement about an ammonium ion is correct? A All of the H–N–H bond angles in the ion are 90°. B All of the H–N–H bond angles in the ion are 107°. C The ion contains a N–H…

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Question 26 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: alcohols

An alcohol, U, is reacted with hot acidified K2Cr2O7 solution. The organic product of the reaction contains 58.8% C, 9.8% H and 31.4% O by mass. What is the identity of alcohol U?…

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Question 27 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: alcohols

Which row shows a primary, a secondary and a tertiary alcohol? A primary: propan-1-ol, secondary: propan-2-ol, tertiary: propane-1,2-diol B primary: 2-methylpropan-1-ol,…

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Question 28 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: reaction mechanisms

1-chloro-2-methylbutane reacts with sodium cyanide in a nucleophilic substitution reaction. What is the most likely intermediate or transition state in this reaction? A…

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Question 29 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: alkenes

When 0.010 mol of a hydrocarbon X reacts with 720 cm^3 of hydrogen at room conditions, an alkane is formed. What is hydrocarbon X? A A di-substituted benzene with two vinyl groups…

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Question 30 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: alkenes

An alkene reacts with hot concentrated acidified KMnO4 to produce a single organic product as shown: the product is a methyl ketone attached to a carboxylic acid chain. What is…

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Question 31 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: stereoisomerism

Testosterone is an optically active organic molecule (structure shown with fused ring system, ketone and alcohol). How many chiral centres are there in one molecule of…

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Question 32 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: bonding and structure

Quinone is an unsaturated molecule (para-quinone structure: two C=O groups on a cyclohexadiene ring). Which statement about quinone is correct? A Quinone is non-planar and has an…

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Question 33 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: halogenoalkanes

Which reagent would react with 1-bromopropane to give the highest yield of propene? A ammonia B aqueous potassium hydroxide C potassium cyanide D ethanolic sodium hydroxide

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Question 34 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: aldehydes and reaction sequences

Acidified potassium dichromate(VI), K2Cr2O7, is added to propan-1-ol and the mixture is immediately distilled. The distillate is treated with HCN in the presence of KCN. What is…

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Question 35 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: carbonyl compounds

Compound Q gives positive results when tested separately with alkaline I2(aq) and with Tollens' reagent. What is compound Q? A CHOCH2CH2CHO B CH3CH2COCHO C CH3COCH2CHO D CH3COCOCH3

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Question 36 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: isomerism

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be considered when answering this question. How many isomeric esters of methanoic acid can be made with the molecular formula…

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Question 37 · 1 mark · Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry

The juice of one lemon reacts completely with 120 cm^3 of 0.50 mol dm^-3 sodium carbonate solution. The formula of citric acid is HOOCCH2C(OH)(COOH)CH2COOH. No sodium carbonate is…

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Question 38 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: nitrogen compounds

Separate samples of 1-bromopropane are used in two different reactions. reaction 1 1-bromopropane is converted into compound X by heating it under pressure with ammonia in…

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Question 39 · 1 mark · Organic chemistry: polymers

The diagram shows part of a polymer chain (alternating CN groups on every other carbon). Which monomer would form this polymer? A CH2=CHCN (acrylonitrile, vinyl cyanide) B…

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Question 40 · 1 mark · Atomic structure: mass spectrometry

The mass spectrum of element Z is shown. There are peaks at approximately m/e = 35 and 37 (abundance ~3:1) and at m/e = 70, 72 and 74. What is element Z? A arsenic B chlorine C…

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