IGCSE History (0977) — May–June 2025, Paper 12

The 1848 revolutions eventually failed. What were the Hungarian 'March Laws'?

Individuals played an important part in the achievement of Italian unification. Describe Austria's position in Italy at the beginning of 1848.

Imperialism raised important issues both for the United States and for Britain. Describe the US intervention in Cuba in 1898.

A wide range of different factors contributed to the outbreak of the First World War. Describe the naval race between Britain and Germany.

The Treaty of Versailles displeased many people. What happened to Germany's colonies in the Treaty of Versailles?

The 1930s saw several developments taking Europe closer to war. Describe German rearmament in the 1930s.

Attempts by the United States to stop communism spreading were sometimes successful. What happened in the Tet Offensive?

In the decades after the Second World War, the Soviet Union struggled to maintain control of Eastern Europe. Describe the role played by Jaruzelski in Poland in 1981.

The First World War soon became a war of attrition. Describe how the Schlieffen Plan was meant to work.

The First World War eventually came to an end in 1918. Describe the contribution of American troops in 1918 on the Western Front.

Germany appeared to be making a recovery during the 1920s. What did Stresemann do in 1923 to deal with hyperinflation?

The Nazis had to use a range of methods to keep control of the German people. Describe the opposition to the Nazi regime from individual churchmen.

Tsar Nicholas II often responded to threats to his rule with violence. What was Stolypin's 'necktie'?

Stalin was prepared to be ruthless to win and maintain power. Describe the actions by Stalin that led to him becoming leader of the Soviet Union.

Not everyone in America benefited from the boom of the 1920s. Which industries did not benefit from the boom in the 1920s?

The New Deal dominated the 1930s in the United States. What were the main measures of the Second New Deal?

By the end of 1941, Germany had suffered few setbacks in the war. Describe the extent of German control over Europe by the end of 1940.

From 1943, events in the war began to go against the Axis powers. Describe the Battle of Okinawa in 1945.