IGCSE History (0977) — October–November 2023, Paper 11

1848–49 was a period of turmoil in Europe. What were the aims of the Magyar nationalists?

The 1848–49 revolution in Prussia was short-lived. Describe events in Berlin in March 1848.

There were many attempts in the United States to reduce tension between Northern and Southern states. What were the terms of the Missouri Compromise?

European powers intervened in many areas of the world. What benefits did European powers hope to gain from expanding their empires?

The Paris peace settlement did not please everyone. What was meant by 'self-determination'?

The League of Nations enjoyed mixed fortunes. What were the agencies of the League of Nations?

In 1950 tensions in Korea escalated into war. What was Truman's attitude to the North's invasion of South Korea?

The First Gulf War was damaging for Iraq. Describe the relationship between Iraq and the United States prior to the invasion of Kuwait.

It was difficult to break the stalemate on the Western Front. Describe the main features of a trench.

Military and political issues weakened the German war effort in 1918. Describe Allied tactics in their offensive of 1918 on the Western Front.

Several factors worked to Hitler's advantage in the early 1930s. What was the Reichstag Fire?

The Nazis used different methods to maintain control. What changes did the Nazis make to the justice system in Germany?

There were many challenges to Tsarist authority in the early 1900s. Describe revolutionary activity in Russia during 1905.

Stalin used many methods to punish and destroy opposition. Describe life in the gulags.

Some sectors of the US economy benefited more than others in the 1920s. What technical innovations helped industry to develop in the 1920s?

Roosevelt's New Deal tried to tackle a range of issues. What were the aims of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)?

The Nationalists failed in their attempts to defeat the Communists. Describe the measures taken by Chiang Kai-shek against the Communists before 1934.

China's relationship with the superpowers changed over time. What happened during the Sino-Vietnamese War?

Opponents of apartheid had a difficult task in the years up to 1966. What was the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC)?

The ending of white minority rule was a difficult process. Describe the situation facing de Klerk when he became President in 1989.

The situation in Palestine grew more tense in the late 1940s. What was the Stern Gang?

The peace process has been difficult. What is Hezbollah?