IGCSE Biology (0610) — May–June 2025, Paper 23

40 questions · every question answerable online with instant point-by-point AI marking against the official mark scheme.

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Question 1 · 1 mark · Characteristics and classification of living organisms

The diagram shows an aquatic plant in light. [Diagram: a test tube of water containing an aquatic plant at the bottom; light is directed at the plant from the left (arrow labelled…

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Question 2 · 1 mark · Characteristics and classification of living organisms

The diagrams show four organisms. Which organism is a prokaryote? [Diagrams (not to scale): A is a rod-shaped cell with a cell wall and coiled circular DNA but no nucleus; B is an…

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Question 3 · 1 mark · Movement into and out of cells - osmosis

What happens when plant cells are placed in a sugar solution that has a lower water potential than the cytoplasm of the cells? A The cells gain water and become flaccid. B The…

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Question 4 · 1 mark · Organisation of the organism - DNA structure

In a DNA molecule, bonds between pairs of bases hold two strands together. High temperatures can break these bonds to form two single strands of DNA. The base pair C and G is held…

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Question 5 · 1 mark · Enzymes

The diagram shows a process involving an enzyme in the human stomach. [Diagram: a Pac-Man-shaped enzyme (with a notch) combines with a triangular substrate labelled 1; an…

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Question 6 · 1 mark · Plant nutrition - photosynthesis

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis? A 3CO2 + 3H2O - C6H12O6 + 3O2 B 6CO2 + 6O2 - C6H12O6 + 6H2O C 6CO2 + 6H2O - C6H12O6 + 6O2 D 6CO2 + 6H2O - 6C6H12O6 + 6O2

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Question 7 · 1 mark · Movement into and out of cells - osmosis

A potato was removed from a potato plant. A 5 g cube of potato was cut and put into a beaker of distilled water. What is the most likely mass of the cube of potato after two…

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Question 8 · 1 mark · Transport in animals - the placenta

The diagram shows the direction of net movement of two substances across a human placenta. [Diagram: a central shaded bar represents the placenta, with tissue P on the left and…

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Question 9 · 1 mark · Plant nutrition - leaf structure

The diagram shows part of a cross-section of a leaf. Which structure is a palisade mesophyll cell? [Diagram: a labelled leaf cross-section. A points to a cell in the upper…

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Question 10 · 1 mark · Human nutrition - diet and deficiencies

A person has swollen, bleeding gums and slow wound healing. This could be caused by a lack of which nutrient in a diet? A calcium B fibre C iron D vitamin C

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Question 11 · 1 mark · Human nutrition - definitions

Digested food molecules move into the cells of the body where they are used and become part of the cells. What is this a definition of? A absorption B assimilation C digestion D…

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Question 12 · 1 mark · Human nutrition - chemical digestion

The diagram shows part of the human digestive system. In which part does protein digestion begin? [Diagram: part of the human alimentary canal. A points to the oesophagus; B…

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Question 13 · 1 mark · Transport in plants - xylem and phloem

The diagrams show cross-sections of a leaf, a root and a stem. [Diagrams (not to scale): leaf cross-section with 1 pointing to the upper tissue and 2 pointing to a vascular bundle…

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Question 14 · 1 mark · Transport in animals and plants

Which structures in humans and in plants normally carry amino acids? arteries phloem --- --- --- A yes yes B yes no C no yes D no no

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Question 15 · 1 mark · Transport in animals - the heart

Through which pathway does blood leave the heart? A through arteries from the atria B through arteries from the ventricles C through veins from the atria D through veins from the…

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Question 16 · 1 mark · Transport in animals - blood

The photomicrograph shows some blood cells. [Photomicrograph: several pale, round, biconcave red blood cells (no nucleus) and one larger cell labelled X with a lobed (multi-lobed)…

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Question 17 · 1 mark · Diseases and immunity - cholera

Which row shows the effects of cholera on the human body? movement of chloride ions effect of a build-up of chloride ions on water potential effect on volume of water leaving the…

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Question 18 · 1 mark · Gas exchange in humans - breathing system

The plotted points, 1 and 2, on the graph show two different types of structure in the breathing system of a human. [Graph: y-axis is "relative diameter of lumen", x-axis is…

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Question 19 · 1 mark · Respiration - uses of energy

Which process in plants uses energy from respiration? A cell division B osmosis C photosynthesis D transpiration

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Question 20 · 1 mark · Respiration - anaerobic respiration and oxygen debt

Which sequence of statements explains the build-up and removal of an oxygen debt? 1 Anaerobic respiration occurs in muscles during vigorous exercise. 2 Faster and deeper breathing…

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Question 21 · 1 mark · Excretion in humans - the kidney

What is filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus and into the nephron? glucose urea --- --- --- A yes yes B yes no C no yes D no no

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Question 22 · 1 mark · Excretion in humans - deamination

What can be broken down to form urea? A amino acids B fatty acids C sugars D vitamins

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Question 23 · 1 mark · Coordination and response - reflex arc

The diagram shows a simple reflex arc. [Diagram: a hand (with a receptor in the skin) connected to the spinal cord. Neurone P runs from the receptor in the skin toward the spinal…

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Question 24 · 1 mark · Coordination and response - the eye and accommodation

The diagram shows a cross-section of an eye. [Diagram: cross-section of an eye. E points to the ciliary muscle (in the ciliary body); F points to the lens; G points to the…

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Question 25 · 1 mark · Coordination and response - hormones

Which hormones increase the blood glucose concentration in humans? A adrenaline and glucagon B adrenaline and insulin C glucagon only D insulin only

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Question 26 · 1 mark · Coordination and response - tropisms and auxin

A shoot tip was placed on an agar block. Substances can diffuse through agar. Light was shone on the shoot tip from one direction. [Diagram: a shoot tip sits on an agar block that…

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Question 27 · 1 mark · Reproduction - asexual reproduction

The diagram shows reproduction in a potato plant. Potato X was planted into the ground and a plant grew from it. The plant then produced potato Y. [Diagram: a potato plant with…

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Question 28 · 1 mark · Reproduction in plants - pollination

Which statement about pollination is correct? A Self-pollination increases the ability of the population to respond to changes in the environment by increasing variation. B…

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Question 29 · 1 mark · Reproduction in humans - the menstrual cycle

The graph shows changes in the thickness of the lining of the uterus wall during a menstrual cycle. [Graph: y-axis is "thickness of uterus wall lining", x-axis is "day of the…

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Question 30 · 1 mark · Inheritance - genes and alleles

Which name is given to different versions of a gene? A allele B chromosome C length of DNA D protein

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Question 31 · 1 mark · Cell division - mitosis and stem cells

The diagram shows the cells of a mammalian embryo shortly after fertilisation. [Diagram: a cluster of several similar cells (a ball of cells), each containing a nucleus, showing…

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Question 32 · 1 mark · Inheritance - sex-linked inheritance

The diagram shows the inheritance, in one family, of a sex-linked recessive disease. [Pedigree diagram with key: circle = female, square = male; shaded = affected, unshaded =…

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Question 33 · 1 mark · Variation and selection - continuous and discontinuous variation

Which row describes continuous and discontinuous variation? continuous variation discontinuous variation --- --- --- A body mass in animals is an example caused by genes and the…

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Question 34 · 1 mark · Variation and selection - adaptive features

Which statements describe an adaptive feature in an organism? 1 It helps an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. 2 It always shows continuous variation. 3 It is…

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Question 35 · 1 mark · Variation and selection - natural selection and antibiotic resistance

The graph shows the change in the percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic X. [Graph: y-axis is "percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic X", x-axis is "time". The…

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Question 36 · 1 mark · Organisms and their environment - energy flow

The diagram shows the flow of energy, in units of energy, through a food chain. producers (1000 units) - primary consumers (100 units) - secondary consumers (10 units) - tertiary…

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Question 37 · 1 mark · Organisms and their environment - the nitrogen cycle

Which process in the nitrogen cycle can be caused by lightning and bacteria? A deamination B denitrification C nitrification D nitrogen fixation

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Question 38 · 1 mark · Organisms and their environment - population growth

Which phase in the population growth curve shows when death rates are higher than birth rates? [Graph: y-axis is "number of organisms", x-axis is "time". The sigmoid (S-shaped)…

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Question 39 · 1 mark · Human influences on ecosystems - monoculture

What is a disadvantage of large-scale monocultures of crop plants? A a decrease in use of insecticides B a decrease in fossil fuel emissions C an increase in biodiversity D an…

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Question 40 · 1 mark · Biotechnology and genetic modification - producing insulin

Some processes involved in the production of human insulin by genetic modification are listed. 1 insertion of the human insulin gene DNA into a cut bacterial plasmid 2 bacteria…

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