IGCSE Biology (0610) — October–November 2023, Paper 21

40 questions · every question answerable online with instant point-by-point AI marking against the official mark scheme.

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Question 1 · 1 mark · Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Some processes carried out by living organisms are listed. 1 egestion 2 excretion 3 reproduction 4 respiration Which processes are carried out by all living organisms? A 1, 2, 3…

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Question 2 · 1 mark · Characteristics and classification of living organisms

The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens. What does Homo refer to? A mammal B genus C kingdom D species

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Question 3 · 1 mark · Cells

Some structures found in cells are listed. 1 cell membrane 2 cell wall 3 mitochondria 4 nucleus Which structures are found in prokaryotic cells? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3…

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Question 4 · 1 mark · Cells

In a mesophyll cell, where are chloroplasts found? A between the cell wall and the cell membrane B in the cytoplasm C in the nucleus D in the vacuole

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Question 5 · 1 mark · Cells

The diagram shows a flatworm. The flatworm has been magnified by 100. The image measures 50 mm. What is the actual size of the flatworm? A 0.5 mm B 5 mm C 50 mm D 500 mm

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Question 6 · 1 mark · Movement into and out of cells

The diagrams show how a cell appears under the microscope at the start of an experiment and after it has been placed in a dilute solution of salts for 5 minutes (the cell becomes…

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Question 7 · 1 mark · Movement into and out of cells

The concentration of nitrate ions is higher inside a root hair cell than in the soil. What would be required for the absorption of nitrate ions into the root hair cell? 1…

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Question 8 · 1 mark · Biological molecules

What is the colour change shown by Benedict's solution when heated with a reducing sugar? A blue to purple B blue to red C brown to blue-black D red to yellow

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Question 9 · 1 mark · Human nutrition

The diagram shows the digestive system with four parts labelled A, B, C and D. Which part absorbs the most water? A B C D

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Question 10 · 1 mark · Enzymes

Which statement is correct? A The active site of an enzyme has the same shape as the substrate. B The active site is not affected by changes in temperature. C The shape of the…

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Question 11 · 1 mark · Plant nutrition

The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity, at three different carbon dioxide concentrations (0.10%, 0.04%, 0.02%). In each case the…

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Question 12 · 1 mark · Enzymes

The diagram shows a test-tube at the start and at the end of an enzyme experiment (enzyme + substrate → enzyme + products, after 10 minutes at 35 °C). At the end of the…

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Question 13 · 1 mark · Human nutrition

The diagram shows the teeth in the lower jaw of a human, with four teeth labelled A, B, C and D. Which tooth is a molar? A B C D

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Question 14 · 1 mark · Human nutrition

What is meant by chemical digestion? A Large insoluble molecules are broken down into small soluble molecules. B Large soluble molecules are broken down into small insoluble…

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Question 15 · 1 mark · Human nutrition

The diagram shows a villus in the small intestine, with a region labelled X (the lacteal in the centre). What is absorbed at X? A fatty acids B glucose C glycogen D starch

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Question 16 · 1 mark · Transport in plants

What is a description of transpiration? A exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere B loss of water vapour from the leaves of a plant C movement of water from the…

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Question 17 · 1 mark · Transport in plants

Parts of a plant are listed. 1 mesophyll cells 2 root cortex cells 3 root hair cells 4 xylem vessels What is the pathway taken by water in the plant? A 1→4→2→3 B 1→2→3→4 C 3→1→4→2…

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Question 18 · 1 mark · Transport in animals

The diagrams show the single circulation of a fish and the double circulation of a mammal. In the fish, blood passes through the gill capillaries (R, S, T mark points around the…

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Question 19 · 1 mark · Diseases and immunity

What is the role of lymphocytes in the blood? A antibody production B blood clotting C phagocytosis D oxygen transport

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Question 20 · 1 mark · Diseases and immunity

A patient was injected with antibodies after being bitten by a poisonous snake. The patient recovered and survived. What describes the effect of the injection in the patient's…

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Question 21 · 1 mark · Gas exchange in humans

Which table correctly shows the difference in composition of inspired air compared with expired air? Each option A–D is a table with rows oxygen and carbon dioxide and columns…

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Question 22 · 1 mark · Gas exchange in humans

Which row shows the correct combination of muscle contractions and the pressure in the thorax when breathing out? Columns: internal intercostal muscles; external intercostal…

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Question 23 · 1 mark · Respiration

Three statements about anaerobic respiration are listed. 1 In humans, the product is lactic acid. 2 In yeast, the product is lactic acid. 3 It releases more energy per glucose…

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Question 24 · 1 mark · Respiration

What is the balanced chemical equation for a type of respiration that occurs in yeast? A C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + 6H₂O B 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ C C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ D…

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Question 25 · 1 mark · Excretion in humans

The diagram shows the human excretory system with four structures labelled A, B, C and D. Which labelled structure is the urethra? A B C D

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Question 26 · 1 mark · Coordination and response

The diagrams show three types of neurones, labelled L, M and N (not to scale). Which sequence shows the direction that impulses will travel during a reflex action? A L→M→N B M→L→N…

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Question 27 · 1 mark · Coordination and response

Which statement about rods and cones in the eye is correct? A Both rods and cones detect different colours of light. B Only cones are present in the blind spot. C Rods are more…

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Question 28 · 1 mark · Diseases and immunity

Which diseases can be successfully treated with antibiotics? Columns: diseases caused by bacteria; rickets; diseases caused by viruses (key: ✓ = can be treated, blank = cannot be…

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Question 29 · 1 mark · Reproduction

Which statement about human sexual reproduction is correct? A All gametes are haploid. B Fertilisation occurs when two diploid nuclei fuse. C The sperm is the male zygote. D…

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Question 30 · 1 mark · Reproduction

Where is oestrogen produced? A cervix B ovaries C oviducts D uterus

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Question 31 · 1 mark · Cell division

Which row shows correct information about mitosis? Columns: cells produced by mitosis (compared genetically with parent); number of chromosomes in the daughter cells compared to…

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Question 32 · 1 mark · Inheritance

Polydactyly is a condition that can occur in cats, resulting in affected individuals having extra toes. The diagram shows the inheritance of the condition in a family of cats…

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Question 33 · 1 mark · Organisms and their environment

The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a marram grass leaf. Which feature is an adaptation of a xerophyte? A the presence of chloroplasts B the presence of fine hairs C…

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Question 34 · 1 mark · Variation and selection

Some statements about mutations are given. 1 A random change in the amino acid sequence in DNA causes gene mutation. 2 A mutation is a genetic change. 3 Ionising radiation…

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Question 35 · 1 mark · Organisms and their environment

The graph shows the growth of a population of rabbits in one area, with point X on the rising (exponential/log) phase and point Y on the plateau. Which statements are correct? 1…

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Question 36 · 1 mark · Inheritance

In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur is dominant and the allele for white fur is recessive. A test cross can be used to determine the genotype of a guinea pig with black fur.…

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Question 37 · 1 mark · Organisms and their environment

The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle, with nitrogen gas in the atmosphere, animal and plant protein, ammonium ions and nitrates in the soil, linked by processes R, S and T…

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Question 38 · 1 mark · Human influences on ecosystems

During eutrophication, what causes the death of fish? A increased growth of producers B increased photosynthesis by producers C decreased concentration of carbon dioxide in the…

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Question 39 · 1 mark · Biotechnology and genetic modification

Which product is made using an enzyme rather than bacteria or fungi? A insulin B penicillin C lactose-free milk D mycoprotein

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Question 40 · 1 mark · Biotechnology and genetic modification

Some ways in which humans make use of organisms are listed. 1 using yeast to produce ethanol 2 artificial selection of sheep with thick wool 3 using bacteria to produce human…

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