The family — AS & A Level Sociology (9699) questions by topic

Marriage decline, family diversity, ruling-class ideology and the functions of the nuclear family are the focus here, drawn from 80 real questions set in 2023 to 2025 papers and marked from 4 to 26.

Explain questions asking for two reasons must be structured as two clearly separated points, since describe and evaluate are marked to a different structure entirely and reward comparison and named theory at the higher end. The reports repeatedly warn against unnecessary introductions and conclusions on the shorter items, so drafting an answer as bare numbered points and submitting it for instant marking quickly confirms whether the structure itself, not just the content, is costing marks.

What examiners look for

May–June 2025, Paper 21

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two ways increased life expectancy may impact upon the family. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two reasons for greater gender equality in some families. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'Social class is the most important factor affecting the experiences of children in the family.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that the main role of the family is to promote capitalist ideology. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that marriage has become less important in society. [26]

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May–June 2025, Paper 22

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two ways social policies may impact upon the family. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two reasons why fewer people are getting married. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'The main role of the family is to benefit society.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that roles in the family are still based on traditional gender identities. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that the nuclear family is the dominant family type. [26]

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May–June 2025, Paper 23

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two ways childhood is a distinct period from adulthood. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two functions the family performs to benefit its members. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'There is no longer any social pressure on people to get married.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that cultural differences are the main cause of family diversity. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that parenthood today is different from the past. [26]

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May–June 2024, Paper 21

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two ways fatherhood is different today than in the past. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two ways the family functions to benefit society. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'Childhood as a distinct period of life is disappearing today.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that gender is the most important factor influencing family life. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that family structure is now characterised by diversity. [26]

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May–June 2024, Paper 22

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two ways the family has become child-centred. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two ways men benefit more than women from family life. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'The extent of family diversity has been exaggerated.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that women's changing expectations of marriage is the main reason for the increase in divorce. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that Marxist explanations offer the best understanding of the role of the family. [26]

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May–June 2024, Paper 23

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two ways social policies have had a positive impact on the family. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two reasons fewer people are marrying today. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'Grandparents make a positive contribution to family life.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that the main role of the family is to reproduce inequality in society. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that gender is the main influence on a child's experience of family life. [26]

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October–November 2024, Paper 21

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two ways grandparents may contribute to family life. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two ways women in the family play an important role in maintaining capitalism. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'Marriage has lost its social importance.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate functionalist explanations of the role of the family. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that the experience of childhood today is different to the past. [26]

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October–November 2024, Paper 22

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two ways gender can influence the experience of childhood. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two ways the family promotes ruling-class ideology. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'Increased life expectancy has had a negative impact on family members.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that the nuclear family is still important in society today. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that there is equality between men and women in the family. [26]

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October–November 2024, Paper 23

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two ways grandparents may contribute to family life. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two ways women in the family play an important role in maintaining capitalism. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'Marriage has lost its social importance.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate functionalist explanations of the role of the family. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that the experience of childhood today is different to the past. [26]

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February–March 2023, Paper 22

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two features of a nuclear family. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two ways social policies may influence family life. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'Men continue to dominate family life.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that motherhood is different today than in the past. [26] (Answer either Question 4 or Question 5.)

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that the main role of the family is to promote social stability. [26] (Answer either Question 4 or Question 5.)

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May–June 2023, Paper 21

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two ways children are protected from adult life. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two ways family life can be harmful for some members. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'The nuclear family is the dominant family structure.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that grandparents play a positive role in the family. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that the main role of the family is to serve the needs of capitalism. [26]

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May–June 2023, Paper 22

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two reasons women are now marrying at a later age. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two ways capitalism benefits from the role of women in the family. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'The family has experienced a loss of functions.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that social class is the main factor affecting the experiences of children in the family. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that increasing family diversity means the nuclear family is no longer dominant. [26]

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May–June 2023, Paper 23

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two reasons people may stay in an unhappy marriage. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two ways the family prepares children for the workplace. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'The improved social position of women is the main reason for the increase in divorce.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that gender no longer influences roles within the family. [26]

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that childhood is a period of innocence and protection. [26]

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October–November 2023, Paper 21

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two features of the expressive role. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two reasons why cohabitation has become more popular in some societies. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'Domestic labour is now shared equally between men and women in the family.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that the role of parents has changed. [26] (Section B: answer either Question 4 or Question 5.)

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that social policies have led to a decline in the nuclear family. [26] (Section B: answer either Question 4 or Question 5.)

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October–November 2023, Paper 22

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two functions of the family. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two reasons for an increase in divorce. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'The nuclear family has lost its social importance.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that power is shared equally in the family. [26] (Section B: answer either Question 4 or Question 5.)

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that the distinction between childhood and adulthood is becoming less clear. [26] (Section B: answer either Question 4 or Question 5.)

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October–November 2023, Paper 23

Question 1 · 4 marks

Describe two features of the expressive role. [4]

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Question 2 · 14 marks

Explain two reasons why cohabitation has become more popular in some societies. [8]

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Question 3 · 16 marks

'Domestic labour is now shared equally between men and women in the family.' Explain this view. [10]

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Question 4 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that the role of parents has changed. [26] (Section B: answer either Question 4 or Question 5.)

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Question 5 · 26 marks

Evaluate the view that social policies have led to a decline in the nuclear family. [26] (Section B: answer either Question 4 or Question 5.)

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