AS & A Level Psychology (9990) — October–November 2023, Paper 21

10 questions · every question answerable online with instant point-by-point AI marking against the official mark scheme.

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Question 1 · 6 marks · Research methods — observations (covert observation)

Explain what is meant by 'covert' observation.

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Question 2 · 2 marks · Research methods — hypotheses (directional/non-directional)

A hypothesis is 'There will be a difference in helpfulness between obedient and disobedient people'. State whether this is a directional (one-tailed) hypothesis or a…

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Question 3 · 4 marks · Research methods — describing quantitative results from a table; core study: Pepperberg (parrot learning)

The study by Pepperberg (parrot learning) tested a parrot's understanding of the concepts of 'same' and 'different'. Table 3.1 shows the total results for correct responses and…

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Question 4 · 2 marks · Research methods — sampling / participant selection; core study: Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions)

In the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions), all the participants were female. State the two reasons that Canli et al. gave for using only female participants in this…

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Question 5 · 2 marks · Research methods — random allocation; core study: Laney et al. (false memory)

In Experiment 1 of the study by Laney et al. (false memory), participants were randomly allocated to one of two conditions (levels of the independent variable). State what is…

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Question 6 · 6 marks · Research methods — ethics (right to withdraw and confidentiality)

Describe the ethical guidelines of 'right to withdraw' and 'confidentiality', using any examples.

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Question 7 · 8 marks · Research methods — self-report (standardising a structured interview)

Two female researchers, Meilin and Nina, are preparing a structured interview about dreams. Each researcher will interview 10 participants. Suggest three ways that Meilin and Nina…

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Question 8 · 9 marks · Research methods — extraneous variables

Alf conducted an experiment comparing the range of television programmes that old and young people watch. He collected his data by questionnaire and found that young people watch…

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Question 9 · 7 marks · Research methods — correlations (levels of measurement / suitable data)

Calle is planning a correlational study. He is measuring two variables: happiness and confidence. Calle's friend Violet is helping him to plan his questions. Calle has written two…

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Question 10 · 14 marks · Research methods — designing and conducting a natural experiment

Sophie is planning a natural experiment to investigate the effects of closing a road on anger in drivers. One road into a town will be closed for three weeks and the traffic will…

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