AS & A Level Psychology (9990) — May–June 2023, Paper 21

Explain what is meant by the term 'ecological validity'. You may use an example in your answer.

In the study by Laney et al. (false memory), different types of items were used in the various questionnaires. Two of the items included: - rating items on a scale of 1–8 (from…

In the study by Canli et al. (brain scans and emotions), a repeated measures design was used. Explain what is meant by a 'repeated measures design'. Include an example from Canli…

Explain two ways in which the procedure was standardised in the study by Yamamoto et al. (chimpanzee helping).

Reliability refers to the consistency of tests, tasks or measures in research. Explain why reliability is important in experiments.

Describe the sampling techniques of 'opportunity sampling' and 'volunteer sampling', using any examples.

Steve is planning an experiment, using the technique of observation, to compare the level of frustration shown by shoppers in different types of shops. He has set up cameras to…

Leila is conducting a correlational study. She predicts that there will be a correlation between: - 'success at learning a language' - 'enjoyment of word puzzles', e.g.…

Inma is conducting an experiment about learning. She predicts that animals will learn to find food in a maze faster in the light than in the dark. If an animal does not find the…

Dr Clare is planning an observational study of student behaviour in a library at a university. She will be the only observer. She is interested in student behaviours such as: -…