International history, 1945–92 — AS & A Level History (9489) questions by topic

Read the extract and then answer the question. 'The Potsdam Conference should have been a time of celebration.' [Content removed due to copyright restrictions.] 'Yet not for a…

Read the extract and then answer the question. What can you learn from this extract about the interpretation and approach of the historian who wrote it? Use the extract and your…

Read the extract and then answer the question. What can you learn from this extract about the interpretation and approach of the historian who wrote it? Use the extract and your…

'The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was the main cause of the Second Cold War.' Discuss this view. [30]

Assess the extent to which Cold War hostility was responsible for the United States' growing involvement in Vietnam in the years 1954 to 1968. [30]

'The People's Republic of China's support for nationalist movements in Africa was mainly motivated by its rivalry with the USSR.' Discuss this view. [30]

'The most important contribution to the Arab–Israeli peace process in the 1970s was made by Anwar Sadat.' Discuss this view. [30]

Assess the consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis for relations between the US and USSR. [30]

'The fall of the Berlin Wall resulted in the collapse of communist rule in Eastern Europe and the USSR.' Analyse this view. [30]

'Mass support for nationalist movements was the main reason African nations gained their independence after 1950.' Discuss this view. [30]

Evaluate the impact of Yasser Arafat's leadership of the Palestine Liberation Organisation up to 1979. [30]

‘US fear of communism was the main cause of the Cuban Crisis.’ Discuss this view. [30]

‘The USA benefited more than the People’s Republic of China from improved Sino–US relations in the 1970s and 1980s.’ Evaluate this view. [30]

Analyse the challenges facing agricultural development in the newly independent African nations. [30]

Assess the extent to which the aims of the revolutionaries in Iran were achieved by 1981. [30]

Read the extract and then answer the question. For Stalin, the two ideas – world revolution and empire – did not contradict each other at all. What, after all, was the ideal of…

Read the extract and then answer the question. What can you learn from this extract about the interpretation and approach of the historian who wrote it? Use the extract and your…

Read the extract and then answer the question. What can you learn from this extract about the interpretation and approach of the historian who wrote it? Use the extract and your…

Analyse how far US–Soviet attempts to control nuclear weapons were successful in the period 1963–91. [30]

Assess the reasons why Sino-US relations improved in the 1970s and 1980s. [30]

Evaluate the effect of Cold War tensions on the civil war in Angola. [30]

‘Saddam Hussein’s personal ambitions were the main cause of the Iran–Iraq War.’ Discuss. [30]

‘Kennedy’s policies towards Cuba were irresponsible.’ Discuss this view. [30]

Assess the impact of the death of Stalin on US–Soviet relations. [30]

Analyse the extent to which the Korean War was responsible for Sino-US hostility in the 1950s and 1960s. [30]

‘Kenyatta’s leadership was the main reason Kenya was able to gain its independence.’ Discuss. [30]

Assess how far President Nasser was responsible for causing the Six-Day War (1967). [30]

‘Gorbachev’s commitment to peaceful change was the main reason for the end of the Cold War.’ Discuss. [30]

Discuss the extent to which North Korea was responsible for the outbreak of war in 1950. [30]

Assess how far African nations were able to adopt non-alignment during the Cold War. [30]

‘US policies had limited impact on the Middle East during the Cold War.’ Evaluate this view. [30]

Read the extract and then answer the question. 'Truman had postponed the Big Three meeting in order to have his new weapon, the atomic bomb, ready when he left for Potsdam.'…

Read the extract and then answer the question. What can you learn from this extract about the interpretation and approach of the historian who wrote it? Use the extract and your…

Read the extract and then answer the question. What can you learn from this extract about the interpretation and approach of the historian who wrote it? Use the extract and your…

‘The resolution of the Cuban Crisis did little to improve US–Soviet relations in the 1960s.’ Assess this view. [30]

Evaluate the factors that influenced Sino-Soviet relations in the period 1945–69. [30]

Assess the extent to which the economic challenges of the newly independent African nations were a legacy of colonial rule. [30]

‘The First Gulf War was a consequence of the Iran–Iraq War.’ Analyse this view. [30]

‘Khrushchev’s main aim after the Cuban Revolution was to protect Cuba from the United States.’ Evaluate this view. [30]

Evaluate the role of international intervention in the Dutch failure to re-establish control in Indonesia. [30]

Analyse why the People’s Republic of China became increasingly involved with Africa during the Cold War. [30]

Assess the significance of international involvement in the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. [30]

‘The Prague Spring brought an end to peaceful co-existence.’ Discuss this view in relation to the period 1968–80. [30]

‘Military failure was the main reason why the US withdrew from Vietnam.’ Analyse this view. [30]

Evaluate the extent to which superpower rivalry affected UN involvement in the Congo. [30]

Evaluate the importance of the Camp David Accords (1978) in stabilising the Middle East. [30]

Read the extract and then answer the question. 'By mid-March 1945, the Soviets were clearly taking over Romania in violation of Stalin's pledges at Yalta. Most distressing of all…

Read the extract and then answer the question. What can you learn from this extract about the interpretation and approach of the historian who wrote it? Use the extract and your…

Read the extract and then answer the question. What can you learn from this extract about the interpretation and approach of the historian who wrote it? Use the extract and your…

'The Cold War ended in 1989 because of the consequences of Gorbachev's policies of Glasnost and Perestroika.' Discuss this view. [30]

'Winning popular support was the main reason why the Communists were able to establish the People's Republic of China in 1949.' Discuss this view. [30]

Analyse the reasons why improving education was a challenge for newly independent African nations. [30]

Assess how far Soviet policies affected the conflict in the Middle East during the Cold War. [30]

Analyse the extent to which President Kennedy was responsible for the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. [30]

'The formation of SEATO was the most important consequence of US involvement in the Korean War.' Discuss this view. [30]

Assess the extent to which superpower involvement affected Ethiopia during the Cold War. [30]

Assess how far the United States was responsible for the development of the nuclear arms race in the 1950s and 1960s. [30]

Discuss the extent to which ideological differences affected Sino-Soviet relations in the period 1949–69. [30]

Evaluate how far the attitudes of colonial powers contributed to African nations gaining their independence. [30]

‘The Gulf War changed little in the region.’ Assess this view. [30]

Read the extract and then answer the question. 'The Russians, though extremely sensitive about the buffer area, were not impossible to deal with. Had their security requirements…

Read the extract and then answer the question. What can you learn from this extract about the interpretation and approach of the historian who wrote it? Use the extract and your…

Read the extract and then answer the question. What can you learn from this extract about the interpretation and approach of the historian who wrote it? Use the extract and your…

‘Khrushchev’s policy of peaceful coexistence had little effect on US–Soviet relations.’ Evaluate this view. [30]

Assess the impact of the Vietnam War on Sino-US relations during the Cold War. [30]

Evaluate the nature and extent of UN peacekeeping in Africa. [30]

‘Golda Meir mismanaged the Arab-Israeli conflict.’ Discuss this view. [30]

‘The US was more responsible than the USSR for the Cuban Missile Crisis.’ Assess this view. [30]

‘The USSR’s involvement in Afghanistan was the main reason for the collapse of the Soviet system.’ Assess this view. [30]

‘The People’s Republic of China entered the Korean War primarily to save communism in North Korea.’ Discuss this view. [30]

Analyse the effects of dependence on ex-colonial trading partners on newly independent African nations. [30]

Assess how far Yasser Arafat’s tactics for achieving a Palestinian state changed in the period up to 1979. [30]

Assess how far the policy of détente (1963–79) resulted from the superpowers’ fear of nuclear war. [30]

Assess the extent to which the policy of containment was the reason for the United States’ growing involvement in Vietnam. [30]

Analyse the significance of Senghor’s role in gaining independence for Senegal. [30]

‘The consequences of the Arab–Israeli War of 1948–49 were more significant for Israel than the Arab world.’ Discuss. [30]