AS & A Level History (9489) — May–June 2025, Paper 41

'Mussolini only became prime minister because of the impact of the First World War on Italy.' Assess this view. [30]

'Trotsky's mistakes and weaknesses were the main reason for Stalin's rise to power by 1928.' Discuss this view. [30]

Analyse the extent to which the lives of women and children were improved as a result of Nazi policies in the years 1933 to 1941. [30]

'British governments followed a policy of appeasement in the 1930s because it was popular with the public.' Assess this view. [30]

'Progress towards greater civil rights in the 1950s was mainly brought about by federal institutions.' Evaluate this view. [30]

Assess the political importance of the Watergate affair in the 1970s. [30]

Analyse the reasons for the increased concerns about drug abuse in the 1980s and 1990s. [30]

Evaluate how far relations between China and the United States improved in the years 1963 to 1979. [30]

'The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was the main cause of the Second Cold War.' Discuss this view. [30]

Assess the extent to which Cold War hostility was responsible for the United States' growing involvement in Vietnam in the years 1954 to 1968. [30]

'The People's Republic of China's support for nationalist movements in Africa was mainly motivated by its rivalry with the USSR.' Discuss this view. [30]

'The most important contribution to the Arab–Israeli peace process in the 1970s was made by Anwar Sadat.' Discuss this view. [30]