Proof by induction — AS & A Level Further Mathematics (9231) questions by topic

Recurrence relations and divisibility proofs anchor this topic: proving by induction that a sequence defined by u_1 = 5 and a linear recurrence equals 6^n - 1, and establishing that a sum of two large powers, offset by a constant, always divides exactly by a fixed integer for every positive whole number n.

Show and deduce are the two command words across 9 questions from 2023 to 2025 papers, worth from 5 to 7 marks, where the inductive step must explicitly use the assumed case rather than merely restating the result. With no examiner-report extracts logged for this topic, submitting each base-case-and-inductive-step write-up for instant marking is the way to confirm the induction is complete and logically closed before it is treated as proven.

May–June 2025, Paper 11

Question 3 · 7 marks

The sequence u1, u2, u3, ... is such that u1 = 5 and u{n+1} = 6un + 5 for n = 1. Prove by induction that un = 6^n - 1 for all positive integers n.

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May–June 2025, Paper 12

Question 3 · 7 marks

The sequence u1, u2, u3, ... is such that u1 = 5 and u{n+1} = 6un + 5 for n = 1. Prove by induction that un = 6^n - 1 for all positive integers n.

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May–June 2025, Paper 13

Question 2 · 6 marks

Prove by mathematical induction that 2025^n + 47^n - 2 is divisible by 46 for all positive integers n.

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May–June 2024, Paper 12

Question 2 · 6 marks

Prove by mathematical induction that 6^(4n) + 38^n - 2 is divisible by 74 for all positive integers n.

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October–November 2024, Paper 11

Question 2 · 6 marks

Prove by mathematical induction that, for all positive integers n, (d^n/dx^n)(tan^(-1) x) = Pn(x) (1 + x^2)^(-n), where Pn(x) is a polynomial of degree n - 1.

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October–November 2024, Paper 12

Question 1 · 5 marks

The sequence u1, u2, u3, ... is such that u1 = 4 and u(n+1) = 3un - 2 for n = 1. Prove by induction that un = 3^n + 1 for all positive integers n.

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October–November 2024, Paper 13

Question 2 · 6 marks

Prove by mathematical induction that, for all positive integers n, d^n/dx^n (tan^(-1) x) = Pn(x)(1 + x^2)^(-n), where Pn(x) is a polynomial of degree n - 1.

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May–June 2023, Paper 13

Question 1 · 6 marks

Prove by mathematical induction that, for all positive integers n, 5^(3n) + 32^n - 33 is divisible by 31.

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October–November 2023, Paper 12

Question 2 · 6 marks

Prove by mathematical induction that, for all positive integers n, (d^n/dx^n)(x^2 e^x) = (x^2 + 2nx + n(n-1)) e^x.

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