Linear motion under a variable force — AS & A Level Further Mathematics (9231) questions by topic

Variable-force dynamics runs through this topic: finding a particle's velocity or displacement when a horizontal force depends on velocity, deducing how far a parachutist falls once air resistance depends on speed, and finding motion under a force that depends on displacement.

Find and deduce are the two command words across 11 questions from 2023 to 2025 papers, worth from 5 to 11 marks, where choosing between a = v dv/dx and a = dv/dt correctly at the outset decides the whole solution. With no examiner-report extracts logged for this topic, submitting each separated-variables derivation for instant marking is the way to confirm the right form of acceleration was chosen before the rest of the integration is trusted.

May–June 2025, Paper 31

Question 1 · 5 marks

A particle P of mass 8 kg is moving in a straight horizontal line. At time t s, P has displacement x m from a fixed point O on the line and velocity v m s^-1. The only horizontal…

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May–June 2025, Paper 32

Question 1 · 5 marks

A particle P of mass 8 kg is moving in a straight horizontal line. At time t s, P has displacement x m from a fixed point O on the line and velocity v m s^-1. The only horizontal…

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May–June 2024, Paper 31

Question 6 · 9 marks

A particle P of mass 2 kg moving on a horizontal straight line has displacement x m from a fixed point O on the line and velocity v m s^-1 at time t s. The only horizontal force…

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May–June 2024, Paper 32

Question 6 · 9 marks

A particle P of mass 2 kg moving on a horizontal straight line has displacement x m from a fixed point O on the line and velocity v m s^-1 at time t s. The only horizontal force…

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May–June 2024, Paper 33

Question 7 · 11 marks

A parachutist of mass m kg opens his parachute when he is moving vertically downwards with a speed of 50 m s^-1. At time t s after opening his parachute, he has fallen a distance…

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October–November 2024, Paper 31

Question 5 · 7 marks

A particle P of mass 2 kg moving on a horizontal straight line has displacement x m from a fixed point O on the line and velocity v m s^-1 at time t s. The only horizontal force…

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May–June 2023, Paper 31

Question 6 · 9 marks

A particle P moving in a straight line has displacement x m from a fixed point O on the line and velocity v m s^-1 at time t s. The acceleration of P, in m s^-2, is given by…

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May–June 2023, Paper 32

Question 6 · 9 marks

A particle P moving in a straight line has displacement x m from a fixed point O on the line and velocity v m s^-1 at time t s. The acceleration of P, in m s^-2, is given by…

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May–June 2023, Paper 33

Question 6 · 10 marks

A particle of mass m kg falls vertically under gravity, from rest. At time t s, P has fallen x m and has velocity v m s^-1. The only forces acting on P are its weight and a…

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October–November 2023, Paper 31

Question 2 · 7 marks

A ball of mass 2 kg is projected vertically downwards with speed 5 m s^-1 through a liquid. At time t s after projection, the velocity of the ball is v m s^-1 and its displacement…

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October–November 2023, Paper 32

Question 2 · 6 marks

A particle P of mass 0.5 kg moves in a straight line. At time t s the velocity of P is v m s^-1 and its displacement from a fixed point O on the line is x m. The only forces…

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