AS & A Level Further Mathematics (9231) — October–November 2023, Paper 13

7 questions · every question answerable online with instant point-by-point AI marking against the official mark scheme.

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Question 1 · 7 marks · Summation of series (method of differences)

By considering (r+1)^2 - r^2, use the method of differences to prove that sum{r=1}^{n} r = (1/2) n(n+1).

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Question 2 · 6 marks · Proof by induction (summation of series)

Prove by mathematical induction that, for all positive integers n, 1 + 2x + 3x^2 + ... + nx^(n-1) = (1 - (n+1)x^n + nx^(n+1)) / (1 - x)^2.

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Question 3 · 8 marks · Roots of polynomial equations (symmetric functions of roots)

The quartic equation x^4 + bx^3 + cx^2 + dx - 2 = 0 has roots alpha, beta, gamma, delta. It is given that alpha + beta + gamma + delta = 3, alpha^2 + beta^2 + gamma^2 + delta^2 =…

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Question 4 · 9 marks · Vectors (shortest distance between two skew lines)

The lines l1 and l2 have equations r = -2i - 3j - 5k + lambda(-4i + 3j + 5k) and r = 2i - 2j + 3k + mu(2i - 3j + k) respectively. Find the shortest distance between l1 and l2.

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Question 5 · 15 marks · Matrices (determinant, matrix multiplication)

Let k be a constant. The matrices A, B and C are given by A = ( 1, k, 3 ; 2, 1, 3 ; 3, 2, 5 ), B = ( 0, -2 ; -1, 3 ; 0, 0 ) and C = ( -2, -1, 1 ; 1, 1, 3 ). It is given that A is…

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Question 6 · 15 marks · Polar coordinates (Cartesian to polar conversion)

Show that the curve with Cartesian equation (x - 1/2)^2 + y^2 = 1/4 has polar equation r = cos theta.

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Question 7 · 15 marks · Rational functions (asymptotes)

The curve C has equation y = f(x), where f(x) = (x^2 + 2) / (x^2 - x - 2). Find the equations of the asymptotes of C.

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