AS & A Level Biology (9700) — February–March 2023, Paper 42

Fig. 1.1 is a drawing of a longitudinal section (LS) of a human kidney, with four regions labelled A, B, C and D (A = cortex, B = pelvis, C = medulla, D = ureter). Use the letters…

Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) can be produced as a recombinant human protein to treat some cancers. The gene IFNA2 codes for IFN-α. Genetically engineered E. coli contain recombinant…

Salmon can be genetically modified (GM) to produce increased quantities of growth hormone, a protein, giving a faster growth rate. Within any population of salmon there is…

Array comparative genome hybridisation (aCGH) is a technique involving the use of a microarray to analyse a genome or sections of a genome. Outline the steps required to prepare…

Meiosis is described as a reduction division because the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half. Table 5.1 describes events during four stages of meiosis…

Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of a section through a mitochondrion. Four arrows A, B, C and D show the movement of molecules and ions. Use the letters to identify all the arrows (one or…

Fig. 7.1 represents a synapse between a chemoreceptor cell from a human taste bud and a dendrite of a sensory neurone. Different concentrations of sodium chloride solution were…

Describe the functions of the internal membranes of the chloroplast in photosynthesis.

Fig. 9.1 is a diagram of a relaxed sarcomere in striated muscle, with Z-lines, an M-line, an A-band and two I-bands marked. On Fig. 9.1, use label lines and letters to label an…

The passage in Fig. 10.1 is about biodiversity. Complete the passage by using the most appropriate scientific terms. 'Biodiversity within an area can be assessed at different…